Improving Msme's Performance Through Financial Literacy and Financial Inclusion Mediated By Risk-Taking Entrepreneurship

Yuli Nurhasanah

Abstract


Currently, the development of MSME's is increasing rapidly which results in a lot of competition between businesses. However, many businesses have experienced a decline in performance due to inaccessible sources of financing and inadequate financial knowledge. This indicates that the company's performance in using financial literacy and financial inclusion is still not optimal. Therefore, MSME's need to apply the courage of MSME players in taking risks, this is important to obtain good financial inclusion and is useful for increasing financial literacy so that it has an impact on improving the performance of MSME's. This study aims to determine the role of risk-taking entrepreneurship in mediating financial literacy and financial inclusion which is useful for improving performance in Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME's). The sample in this study was 124 MSME's in the culinary field in Kendari City and Kab. South Konawe. The data collection method in this study used a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using Smart PLS software. The results showed that there was a positive and significant influence on financial literacy and financial inclusion on risk taking entrepreneurship, while risk taking entrepreneurship had a positive and significant effect on the performance of MSME's. The performance of MSME's can also be improved through risk taking entrepreneurship which comes from financial literacy and financial inclusion.

Keywords: Financial Literacy; Financial Inclusion; Risk Taking Entrepreneurship; MSME performance.


Full Text:

PDF

References


Journals:

Abdi, H. (2010). Partial least squares regression and projection on latent structure regression (PLS Regression). Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Statistics. https://doi.org/10.1002/wics.51

Abe, M., Troilo, M., Batsaikhan, O. (2015),"Financing small and medium enterprises in Asia and the Pacific", Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy, Vol. 4 Iss 1 pp. 2 – 32

Ajzen, I. and Fishbein, M. (1977), “Attitude-behavior relations: theoretical analysis and review of empirical research”, Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 84 No. 5, pp. 888-918

Allen, F., Carletti, E., Cull, R., Qian, J., Senbet, L., Valenzuela, P. (2016). The african financial development and financial inclusion gaps. J Afr Econ 23(5):614–642

Arif, Ahmad, and Ahmad Showket. 2015. Relationship between financial risk and financial performance: An Insight of Indian Insurance Industry. International Journal of Science and Research 4: 1424–33.

Aydemir, S.D., Aren, S. (2017) "Do the effects of individual factors on financial risk-taking behavior diversify with financial literacy?", Kybernetes, Vol. 46 Issue: 10, pp.1706-1734, https://doi.org/10.1108/K-10-2016-0281

Bansal, Arun, Robert Kaufmann, Robert Mark, and Edward Peters. (1992). Financial Risk and Financial Risk Management Technology: Issues and Advantages. Working Papers Series; New York: New York University.

Bar-El, R., Gavious, I., Kaufmann, D., Schwartz, D. (2017). Under-Investments in Innovative SMEs: The Effect of Entrepreneurial Cognitive Bias. In Human Capital and Assets in the Networked World. Published online: 22 Aug 2017; 385-422.

Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.

Boermans, M.A., Willebrands, D. (2017). Entrepreneurship, risk perception and firm performance. Int. J. Entrepreneurship and Small Business, Vol. 31, No. 4.

Bongomin, G., Ntayi, J., & Munene, J. (2017). The relationship between access to finance and growth of SMEs in developing economies: Financial literacy as a moderator. Review of International Business and Strategy, 27(4), 520–538.

Bongomin. G.O.C. (2017). Financial Literacy in Emerging Economies : Do All Components Matter for Financial Inclusion of Poor Households in Rural Uganda?. Managerial Finance Journal, 43, (12), 1310-1331.

Brockhaus, R. H. (1980). Risk Taking Propensity of Entrepreneurs. Academy of Management Journal, 5, 509–520. https://doi.org/Doi.org/10.5465/255515

Bucher-Koenen, T., Lusardi, A. and Alessie, R.J. (2016), “How financially literate are women? An overview and new insights”, GFLEC Working Paper No. 2016-1, pp. 1-37.

Chen, S., Su, X., & Wu, S. (2012). Need for achievement, education, and entrepreneurial risk-taking behavior. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 40(8), 1311- 1318.

Chibba, M. (2009). Financial inclusion, poverty reduction and the millennium development goals. Eur J Dev Res 21:213–230

Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioural sciences. Hillside. NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.ep10768783

Corps, F. (2014), “Commentary/history of financial literacy – the First 200 years”, 27 January, available at: www.financialcorps.com https://financialcorps.com/history-of-financial-literacy-the-first-200years/ (accessed 17 August 2016).

Dahmen, P., & Rodriguez, E. (2014). Financial literacy and the success of small businesses: An observation from a Small Business Development Center. International Journal of Numeracy, 7(1), 1–12.

Demirgüç-Kunt, A., Klappe, L. (2013). Measuring financial inclusion: explaining variation in use of financial service across and within countries. Brook Pap Econ Activ 44(1): 279-340.

Diamantopoulos, A., & Siguaw, J. A. (2000). Introducing LISREL: A Guide for the Uninitiated (Introducing Statistical Methods series). In SAGE Publications.

Draxler, A., Fischer, G., dan Schoar, A. (2014). Keeping it simple: Financial literacy and rules of thumb. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. 6(2). 1-3.

Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) (2009), Globalization of Production and the Competitiveness of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in Asia and the Pacific: Trends and Prospects, Studies in Trade and Investment No. 65, United Nations, Bangkok.

Eniola, A. A., & Entebang, H. (2015). Financial literacy and SME firm performance. International Journal of Research Studies in Management, 5(1).

Fali, Ibrahim, Terzungwe Nyor, and Olumide Lateef Mustapha. 2020. Financial Risk and Financial Performance of listed Insurance Companies in Nigeria. European Journal of Business and Management 12: 143 53.

Farrukh, M., Alzubi, Y., Shahzad, I. A., Waheed, A., & Kanwal, N. (2018). Entrepreneurial intentions of theory of planned behaviour. Asia Pasific Journal Of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 12(3), 399–414. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJIE-01-2018-0004

Fitriati, K.T., Purwana, D., Buchdadi, A.D. (2020). The Role of Innovation in Improving Small Medium Enterprise (SME) Performance. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, Volume 11, Issue 2.

Fornell, C, & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservablevariables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1),39–50.

Gault, RH. (1907). Sejarah metode kuesioner penelitian dalam psikologi". Penelitian dalam Psikologi . 14(3): 366-383. doi :10.1080 08919402.1907.10532551.

Geisser, S. (1974). A predictive approach to the random effect model. Biometrika. https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/61.1.101

Gentry, James, and John Pike. 1970. An Empirical Study of the Risk-Return Hypothesis Using Common Stock Portfolios of Life Insurance Companies. The Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 5: 179 85.

Ghozali, Imam, Hengky Latan. (2015). Konsep, Teknik, Aplikasi Menggunakan Smart PLS 3.0 Untuk Penelitian Empiris. BP Undip. Semarang

Gitman, L. J., & Zutter, C. (2015). Principles of managerial finance – Brief (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.

Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. (2016). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2016 Indonesian Report. Diakses dari http://www.gemconsortium.org/ pada tanggal 23 November 2018.

Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2012). Partial Least Squares: The Better Approach to Structural Equation Modeling? In Long Range Planning. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2012.09.011

Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2013). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling: Rigorous Applications, Better Results and Higher Acceptance. In Long Range Planning. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2013.01.001

Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B., & Anderson, R. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis: A Global Perspective. In Multivariate Data Analysis: A Global Perspective.

Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2014). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8

Hilgert, M.A., Hogarth, J.M. and Beverly, S.G. (2003), “Household financial management: the connection between knowledge and behaviour”, Federal Reserve Bulletin, pp. 309-322.

https://financeandtrade.htwberlin.de/filedmin/HTW/Forschung/Money_Finance_Trade_Development/working_paper_series/wp_07_2012_Sarma_Index-of-FinancialInclusion.pdf

Hung, A., Parker, A. and Yoong, J. (2009), “Defining and measuring financial literacy”, RAND Working Paper No. WR-708.

Huston, S.J. (2010), “Measuring financial literacy”, The Journal of Consumer Affairs, Vol. 44 No. 2, pp. 296-316.

Ibor, B.I., Offiong, A.I., Mendie, E.S. (2017). Financial Inclusion And Performance Of Micro, Small And Medium Scale Enterprises In Nigeria. International Journal of Research - Granthaalayah, 5(3), 104-122. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.439557.

Ibrahim, M. E., & Alqaydi, F. R. (2013). Financial literacy, personal financial attitude, and forms of personal debt among residents of the UAE. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 5(7), 126–138.

James Carifio, & Rocco J. Perla. (2007). Ten Common Misunderstandings, Misconceptions, Persistent Myths and Urban Legends about Likert Scales and Likert Response Formats and their Antidotes. Journal of Social Sciences.

Kementerian Keuangan Republik Indonesia. 2015. Melalui Paket Kebijakan Ekonomi Tahap IV Pemerintah Dukung UMKM Berorientasi Ekspor. http://www.kemenkeu.go.id/Berita/melalui-paket-kebijakan-ekonomi-tahapiv-pemerintah-dukung-umkmberorientasi-ekspor

Kinyua, John K., Roselyn Gakure, Mouni Gekara, and George Orwa. (2015). E_ect of Risk Management on The Financial Performance Of Companies Quoted In The Nairobi Securities Exchange. International Journal of Business & Law Research 3: 26–42.

Lakuma, P.C., Marty, R., Muhumuza, F. (2019). Financial inclusion and micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) growth in Uganda. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-019-0110-2

Law, S.H., Azman-Saini, W.N. and Tan, H.B. (2014), “Economic globalization and financial development in East Asia: a panel cointegration and causality analysis”, Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Vol. 50 No. 1, pp. 210-225, doi: 10.2753/ree1540-496x500112.

Lusardi, A. (2008a), “Financial literacy: an essential tool for informed consumer choice?”, National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series No. 14084.

Lusardi, A. (2008b), “Household saving behavior: the role of financial literacy, information, and financial education programs”, National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series No. 13824.

Lusardi, A. (2008c), “Household saving behavior: the role of financial literacy, information, and financial education programs”, NBER Working Paper No. 13824, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH.

Lusardi, A. and Mitchell, O.S. (2011), “Financial literacy and retirement planning in the United States”, CeRP Working Paper No. 107, pp. 1-27.

Lusardi, A. and Tufano, P. (2015), “Debt literacy, financial experiences, and overindebtedness”, Journal of Pension Economics and Finance, Vol. 14 No. 4, pp. 332-368.

Mohammad, I. N., Massie, J. D. D., Tumewu, F. J., & Program, M. (2019). The Effect Of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Innovation Capability Towards Firm Performance In Small And Medium Enterprises (Case Study : Grilled Restaurants in Manado), 7(1).

Muraga, K.P, dan John, N. 2015. Effects of financial literacy on performance of youth led entreprises: a case of equity group foundation training program in Kiambu county. International Journal of Social Sciences Management and Entrepreneurship. 2(1) 218-23.

OECD (2013), “Financial literacy framework”, in OECD (Ed.), PISA 2012 Assessment and Analytical Framework: Mathematics, Reading, Science, Problem Solving and Financial Literacy, OECD Publishing, Paris, pp. 139-166.

OECD (2014), “PISA 2012 technical background”, in OECD (Ed.), PISA 2012 Results: Students and Money: Financial Literacy Skills for the 21st Century, Vol. VI, OECD Publishing, Paris, pp. 123-145.

Okere, W., Isiaka, M. A., & Ogunlowore, A. J. (2018). Risk Management And Financial Performance Of Banks In Nigeria. Ieuropean Journal Of Business, Economics And Accountancy, 6(2), 30–42.

Okeyo, W. O., Gathungu, J. & K’Obonyo, P. (2014). The impact of business development services on entrepreneurial orientation and performance of small and medium enterprises in Kenya. International Journal of Business and Social Research (IJBSR), 4(7), 38 – 49. http://www.ijbsr.org

Omar, M.A., Inaba, K. (2020). Does financial inclusion reduce poverty and income inequality in developing countries? A panel data analysis. Journal of Economic Structures, Vol. 9 No. 37

Ozili, P.K. (2018), “Impact of digital finance on financial inclusion and stability”, Borsa Istanbul Review, Vol. 18 No. 4, pp. 329-340.

Rahi, S. (2017). Research Design and Methods: A Systematic Review of Research Paradigms, Sampling Issues and Instruments Development. International Journal of Economics & Management Sciences, 06(02). https://doi.org/10.4172/2162-6359.1000403

Rasool, N., Ullah, S. (2019). Financial literacy and behavioural biases of individual investors: empirical evidence of Pakistan stock exchange. Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science, DOI 10.1108/JEFAS-03-2019-0031

Raza, S.M., Tang, J., Rubab, S., Wen, X. (2019). Determining the nexus between financial inclusion and economic development in Pakistan. Journal of Money Laundering Contro, Vol. 22 No.2 pp. 195-209

Remund, D.L. (2010), “Financial literacy explicated: the case for a clearer definition in an increasingly complex economy”, The Journal of Consumer Affairs, Vol. 44 No. 2, pp. 276-295

Sahay, R., Cihak, M., N’Diaye, PM., Barajas, A., Mitra, S., Kyobe, A., Mooi, YN., Yousef, SR. (2015). Financial inclusion: can it meet multiple macroeconomic goals? IMF Stal Discussion Notes 15/17, International Monetary Fund. https://www. imf.org/external/pubs/ft/sdn/2015/sdn15f17.pdf

Sitkin, S. B., & Pablo, A. L. (2014). Reconceptualizing The Determinants of Risk Behavior, 17(1), 9–38. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.2307/258646

Stone, M. (1974). Cross-validation and multinomial prediction. Biometrika. https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/61.3.509

Stulz, Rene. (1996). Rethinking Risk Management. Journal of Applied Corporate Finance 9: 8–24.

Subagja, I. K., Astuti, W., & Darsono, J. T. (2017). The influence of Market Orientation, Learning Orientation, and Entrepreneurial Orientation toward Innovation and Impact on Company Performance, 4(9), 73–82.

Suharto, Subagja, I. (2018). The Influence of Market Orientation and Entrepreneurial Orientation to Competitive Advantage Through Business Innovation : Study on Batik Trusmi Cirebon West Java Province Indonesia, 8(1), 19–27.

Susan, Marcellia. (2020). Financial Literacy And Growth Of Micro, Small, And Medium Enterprises In West Java, Indonesia. International Symposia in Economic Theory and Econometrics, Volume 27, 39–48.

Taylor, M. (2016). Risky Ventures: Financial Inclusion, Risk Management and the Uncertain Rise of Index-Based Insurance. Risking Capitalism, 237–266. doi:10.1108/s0161-723020160000031013

Tenenhaus, M., Amato, S., & Esposito Vinzi, V (2005). A global goodness-of-fit index for PLS structural equation modeling. In Proceedings of the XLII SIS Scientific Meeting (pp. 739–742). Padova: CLEUP.

Ubani, E., Ibeawuchi, E., & Ukwuoma, B. (2015). Development of Strategies for Effective Project Scope Management: A Study of National Integrated Power Projects (NIPP). European Journal of Academic Essays.

Verma, S., Shome, S., Patel, A. (2020). Financing preference of listed small and medium enterprises (SMEs): evidence from NSE Emerge Platform in India. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, DOI 10.1108/JEEE-04-2020-0100

Were, Simon. (2015). The E_ect of Foreign Exchange Rate Risk Management Practices on Financial Performance of Multinational Corporations in Kenya. Master’s thesis, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.

Wiklund, J., & Shepherd, D. (2003). Knowledge-Based Resources, Entrepreneurial Orientation, And The Performance Of Small And Medium-Sized Businesses. Strategic Management Journal, 24(13), 1307–1314. Https://Doi.Org/10.1002/Smj.360

Book:

Cecchetti, S., and Kharroubi, E. (2012). Reassessing the impact of finance on growth. BIS Working Paper 381. BIS, Basel.

Chin, W. (1998). The Partial Least Squares Approach to SEM chapter. Modern Methods for Business Research.

Choi, Joonkyu. (2017). Entrepreneurial Risk-Taking, Young Firm Dynamics, and Aggregate Implications. University of Maryland Department of Economic.

Ferdinand, A. (2006). Metode Penelitian Manajemen Pedoman Penelitian untuk Penulisan Skripsi Tesis dan disertai Ilmu Manajemen. In Semarang: Universitas Diponegoro.

Hannig, A., & Jansen, S. (2010). Financial inclusion and financial stability: Current policy issues.

Harvey, Jasmin. (2008). Financial Risk Management, 47th ed. London: The Chartered Institute of Management Accountants.

Helfert, E. A. (2000). Financial Analysis Tools and Techniques.

Holton, Glyn A. 2004. Defining risk. Financial Analysts Journal 60: 19–25

Jaya, I. G. N. M., & Sumertajaya, I. M. (2008). Pemodelan Persamaan Structural dengan Partial Least Square. Semnas Matematika Dan Pendidikan Matematika 2008.

Likert, R. (1932). A technique for the measurement of attitudes. Archives of Psychology.

MacKinnon, D. P., Fairchild, A. J., & Fritz, M. S. (2007). Mediation analysis. Annual Review of Psychology, 58 (593).

Muriithi, Jane Gathiga. 2016. The E_ect of Financial Risk on Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Kenya. Ph.D. dissertation, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Juja, Kenya

OJK. (2016). Survei Nasional Literasi dan Financial inclusion. London: Otoritas Jasa Keuangan

OJK. (2018). Survei Nasional Literasi dan Financial inclusion. London: Otoritas Jasa Keuangan

Oliver, Barry Rose. (2001). Issues in Financial Risk Management in Australia. Ph.D. thesis, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.

Prasad, E. S. (2010). Financial sector regulation and reforms in emerging markets: An overview (No.w16428). National Bureau of Economic Research.

Rasli, Salina. (2018). Corporate Governance, Risk Taking And Financial Performance Of Islamic Banks. Research gate.

Sarma, M. (2012). Index of fInancial inclusion—a measure of fInancial sector inclusiveness. Berlin Working Papers on Money, Finance, Trade and Development,

Shih, T.-Y., & Ke, S. C. (2014). Determinates of Financial Behavior: Insights into Consumer Money Attitudes and Financial Literacy. Service Business, 8(2), 217–238.

SMRJ (2008). Small & Medium Enterprise Development Policies in 6 ASEAN Countries. Tokyo: Organization for Small & Medium Enterprises and Regional Innovation (SMRJ).

Sudrajad. (2011). Kiat Mengentaskan Pengangguran dan Kemiskinan Melalui Wirausaha. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.

Sugiyono. (2017). MetodePenelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung: PT Alfabet. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004

Suryana. (2014). Kewirausahaan Kiat dan Proses Menuju Sukses. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.

Vereshchagina, Galina and Hugo A Hopenhayn .(2009). Risk taking by entrepreneurs. American Economic Review, 99, 1808 30.

Woods, Margaret, and Kevin Dowd. (2008). Financial Risk Management for Management Accountants. Oxford: Elsevier.

World Bank. (2014). Global financial development report 2014: Financial inclusion. Washington,D.C.: World Bank Group.

Yamin Sofyan, Kurniawan Heri. (2009). SPSS COMPLETE: Tekhnik Analisis Statistik Terlengkap dengan software SPSS. Jakarta: Salemba Infotek.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en


Jurnal IAPJ Indexed by :

google_scholar onesearch garuda crosref onesearch  sinta scopus