Euthanasia in South Africa: A Critical Analysis of Contemporary Legislative Issues in Relation to Religious Values

Despite death being one of the certain eventualities of life, religious, medical, and philosophical factors appear to shape one's perception of death. Medical advancements have introduced the possibility of exercising control over an individual's death, prompting questions regarding the existence of a legal right to choose how and when to die, particularly in cases of suffering where euthanasia is administered by another party. Euthanasia and Physician Assisted Suicide (EPAS) represent one of the most contentious ethical debates globally. This debate is not novel; indeed, most countries outrightly reject the legalisation of EPAS, while others opt to enact legislation to legalise and regulate the practice of euthanasia under specific conditions. Legislators in South Africa have been hesitant to legislate on this contentious matter, leaving the judiciary in an uncertain position to make ad hoc judgments without any guidance from Parliament. Religion, moral principles, and constitutional rights are central to this debate. Clarity on this issue could foster a scientific contribution to South African law by enabling focused research into both the practical and ethical implications of legalised euthanasia, facilitating the development of safeguards and regulatory frameworks, and promoting research into the psychological impact on patients and healthcare providers.