Developing kurikulum merdeka textbooks to teaching critical thinking skills for elementary school students

Eko Sucahyo, Rani Kusuma Ningtyas, Nurhidaya Fithriyah

Abstract


Students tend to use fewer thinking activities in learning. Consequently, learning is often dominated by conventional learning models. In addition, learning only uses available textbooks and causes students to be less involved in learning. Students mostly take the role of listeners, take notes on what the teacher says, and work on the questions given according to the examples. This study aimed to develop textbooks based on the Kurikulum Merdeka that can improve the critical thinking skills of elementary school students. The method used in this study is the ADDIE development model which consists of five stages, namely Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. Data collection techniques used are observation, testing, and documentation. This study uses teaching module validation instruments, question validation, and textbook feasibility tests. The results of the study show that the use of this textbook can have a positive impact on students' critical thinking skills significantly, as well as provide positive feedback from teachers and students on the learning process as evidenced by the t count value of 8.513> t table 1.724. It is hoped that this research can contribute to learning in elementary schools and be a reference for the development of other teaching materials in the Kurikulum Merdeka.

Keywords


textbooks; critical thinking; elementary school

Full Text:

PDF PDF

References


Achmad, W. K. S., Rachman, S. A., Aras, L., & Amran, M. (2024). Differentiated instruction in reading in elementary schools : a systematic review. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE), 13(3), 1997–2005. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v13i3.27134

Amina, F., Barnes, M. M., & Saito, E. (2023). Exploring teachers’ understanding of and responses to the school belonging experiences of students from refugee backgrounds. Teaching Education, 35(4), 353–369. https://doi.org/10.1080/10476210.2023.2291387

Anggraeni, N., Rustini, T., & Wahyuningsih, Y. (2022). Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Sekolah Dasar Pada Mata Pelajaran Ips Di Kelas Tinggi. Jurnal Review Pendidikan Dasar : Jurnal Kajian Pendidikan Dan Hasil Penelitian, 8(1), 84–90. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.26740/jrpd.v8n1.p84-90

Deng, Z. (2022). Powerful knowledge, educational potential and knowledge-rich curriculum: pushing the boundaries. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 54(5), 599–617. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220272.2022.2089538

Faraut, M. C. M., Procyk, E., & Wilson, C. R. E. (2023). Learning to learn about uncertain feedback. Learning and Memory, 23(2), 90–98. https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.039768.115

Ferguson, L. E., Bråten, I., Skibsted Jensen, M., & Andreassen, U. R. (2023). A Longitudinal Mixed Methods Study of Norwegian Preservice Teachers’ Beliefs About Sources of Teaching Knowledge and Motivation to Learn From Theory and Practice. Journal of Teacher Education, 74(1), 55–68. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/00224871221105813

Fitriyah, I., Wiyokusumo, I., & Leksono, I. P. (2021). Pengembangan media pembelajaran PREZI dengan model ADDIE Pada Mata Pelajaran simulasi dan komunikasi. Jurnal Inovasi Teknologi Pendidikan, 8(1), 84–97. https://journal.uny.ac.id/index.php/jitp/article/view/42221

Fromm, Y. M., & Ifenthaler, D. (2024). Designing adaptive learning environments for continuing education: Stakeholders’ perspectives on indicators and interventions. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 16(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2024.100525

Haerudin, D., Hermawan, B., Ruhaliah, R., Wibawa, S., Awaliah, Y. R., & Hardini, T. I. (2023). Inventorying authentic teaching materials on Youtube for listening learning plan of Pupuh in elementary school. Cakrawala Pendidikan, 42(2), 549–564. https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v42i2.46233

Ismiyanti, Y., Mayasari, N., & Nugraheni, S. W. K. (2024). Development of problem based e-comic on the theme of domestic politics on student learning achievement. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 11(1), 128. https://doi.org/10.30659/pendas.11.1.128-141

Könings, K. D., & Seidel, T. (2025). Student expectations when entering an innovative learning environment : identifying longitudinal patterns across student subgroups subgroups. Educational Studies, 51(1), 22–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/03055698.2022.2117544

Kosberg, E., Riyan Rizaldi, D., Fatimah, Z., Samuels, W. E., Onuoha-Jackson, N., Midteide, I., Anne, J., Dale, P. S., & Soini, T. (2023). Learning to care: An in-school humane education program improves affective and cognitive empathy among lower-elementary students. Educational Research, 5(1), 100292. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220272.2023.2256388

Kumar, S., Pedro, N. S., & Ritzhaupt, A. (2022). Development and validation of the Online Instructor Support Survey (OISS). Online Learning Journal, 26(1), 221–244. https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v26i1.2622

Lestariyana, R. P. D., & Nurkamto, J. (2022). International Textbooks Analysis Used for EFL Students: A Critical Content Analysis of Multicultural from Kachru’s Models. Journal of Innovation in Educational and Cultural Research, 3(2), 248–256. https://doi.org/10.46843/jiecr.v3i2.103

McMaster, N., Carey, M. D., Martin, D. A., & Martin, J. (2023). Raising Primary School Boys’ and Girls’ Awareness and Interest in STEM-Related Activities, Subjects, and Careers: An Exploratory Case Study. Journal of New Approaches in Educational Research, 12(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.7821/naer.2023.1.1135

Mello, R. R. De, & Joanpere, M. (2022). Breaking the Silence within Critical Pedagogy. Multidisciplinary Journal of Educational Research, 11(2021), 203–217. https://doi.org/10.4471/remie.2021.8748

Midteide, I., Anne, J., Ingebretsen, N., & Dale, P. (2023). International Journal of Educational Research Open Experiment protocol : Exploring the sense of smell in digital book reading. International Journal of Educational Research Open, 8(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2024.100430

Møller-Skau, M., & Lindstøl, F. (2022). Arts-based teaching and learning in teacher education: “Crystallising” student teachers’ learning outcomes through a systematic literature review. Teaching and Teacher Education, 109(103545), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2021.103545

Nguyen, P., Webel, C., Yeo, S., & Zhao, W. (2022). Elementary teachers’ agency: the role of perceived professional space and autonomy. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 54(5), 665–686. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220272.2022.2081821

Safitri, M., & Aziz, M. R. (2022). ADDIE, sebuah model untuk pengembangan multimedia learning. Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar, 3(2), 50–58. http://jurnal.umpwr.ac.id/index.php/jpd/article/view/2237

Salonen-Hakomäki, S. M., & Soini, T. (2023). Participation in national curriculum reform - coherence from complexity. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 55(5), 527–544. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220272.2023.2256388

Sandoval, C., Bohannon, A. X., & Michael, J. (2024). Examining Power Through Practice in Continuous Improvement in Education. Educational Researcher, 53(7), 420–425. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X241271359

Saputro, M. N. A., & Pakpahan, P. L. (2021). Mengukur Keefektifan Teori Konstruktivisme Dalam Pembelajaran. JOEAI (Journal of Education and Instruction), 4(1), 24–39. https://journal.ipm2kpe.or.id/index.php/JOEAI/article/view/2151

Shofiyani, A., & Lazib, M. (2023). Pengembangan Buku Ajar Berbasis Konstruktivisme Mapel Al-Quran Hadits di MAN 1 Jombang. Al-Lahjah: Jurnal Pendidikan, Bahasa Arab, Dan Kajian Linguistik Arab, 6(1), 19–26. https://doi.org/10.32764/allahjah.v6i1.3403

Srivastava, N., Nawaz, S., Tsai, Y.-S., & Gasevic, D. (2024). Curriculum Analytics of Course Choices: Links with Academic Performance. Journal of Learning Analytics, 11(1), 1–16. https://learning-analytics.info/index.php/JLA/article/view/8095

Subarjo, M. D. P., Suarni, N. K., & Margunayasa, I. G. (2024). Analisis Penerapan Pendekatan Teori Belajar Konstruktivisme pada Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Sekolah Dasar. Ideguru: Jurnal Karya Ilmiah Guru, 9(1), 313–318. https://jurnal-dikpora.jogjaprov.go.id/index.php/jurnalideguru/article/view/834

Sucahyo, E., Kartono, K., & Mulyono, M. (2021). Mathematical Understanding and Self Confidence of Elementary School with Realistic Mathematics Education Model. Journal of Primary Education, 10(3), 308–322. https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/jpe/article/view/49059

Sucahyo, E., Siregar, L., Harahap, F., & Nasution, S. R. A. (2023). Meningkatkan Minat Dan Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Subtema Hewan Dan Sekitarku Dengan Menggunakan Metode Picture And Picture Di Kelas Ii Sd Negeri 101070 Siunggam T.A 2020/2021. Jurnal Imiah Pendidikan Dasar (JIPDAS), 3(3), 478–487. https://doi.org/10.37081/jipdas.v3i03.160

Susanto, H., Prawitasari, M., Akmal, H., Syurbakti, M. M., & Fathurrahman, F. (2023). Efektivitas Penggunaan Buku Ajar Mata Kuliah Media Pembelajaran Sejarah. Jurnal PIPSI (Jurnal Pendidikan IPS Indonesia), 8(1), 1. https://journal.stkipsingkawang.ac.id/index.php/JurnalPIPSI/article/view/3112

Trinick, T., & Heaton, S. (2021). Curriculum for minority Indigenous communities: social justice challenges. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 34(3), 273–287. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/07908318.2020.1831009




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/pendas.12.1.52-68

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2025 Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons - Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar is published by Elementary School Teacher Education (PGSD), Faculty of Teacher Training and Education (FKIP), Universitas Islam Sultan Agung, in collaboration with Asosiasi Doktor Pendidikan Dasar Indonesia.

Contact us: FKIP Unissula Jl. Raya Kaligawe Km.4 Terboyo Kulon, Genuk, Semarang 50112. Email: jurnalpendas@unissula.ac.id