THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SIWAK (SALVADORA PERSICA) EXTRACT’S KILLING CAPABILITY AGAINST STREPTOCOCCUS VIRIDANS (IN VITRO)

Megya Agustina Dentisari*  -  Sultan Agung Islamic University, Indonesia
Rochman Mujayanto  -  Faculty of Dentistry, Sultan Agung Islamic University, Indonesia
Andina Rizkia Putri Kusuma  -  Faculty of Dentistry, Sultan Agung Islamic University, Indonesia

(*) Corresponding Author
DOI: 10.30659/medali.4.2.157-162

Background: Streptococcus viridans is an anaerobic bacteria that cause root canal infection. The irrigation materials that have antibacterial and non-toxic effects greatly support the success of root canal treatment. Sodium hypochlorite must be used with extreme caution because it can irritate the periapical tissue when used at high concentrations and has a pungent odor that interferes with patient comfort. Siwak (Salvadora persica) is a plant with antibacterial components including tannins, alkaloids, and flavonoids. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of siwak (Salvadora persica) extract’s killing capability against Streptococcus viridans (in vitro).
Method: This study’s method used a post-test only control group design with experimental laboratory research consisting of 5 groups, including a negative control group (DMSO), a positive control group (sodium hypochlorite), and 3 treatment groups using siwak extract with concentrations of 55%, 60%, and 65%. This study used the maceration and dilution method with 25 samples.
Result: The study’s result was analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric statistical test with a significant result of 0.00 (p<0.05)
Conclusion: It can be concluded that siwak extract has an effective killing capability against Streptococcus viridans at a concentration of 60%.

Keywords: Siwak (Salvadora persica); Root Canal Irrigation Material; Streptococcus viridans; Killing capability

  1. Pargaputri AF, Mudjiono M, Subiwahjudi A. Daya Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Beluntas (Pluchea Indica Less) Terhadap Streptococcus Viridans (In Vitro). J Kedokt Gigi. 2015;9(1):11–9.
  2. Chandra BS, Gopikrishna V. Grossman’s Endodontic Practice. 13th ed. Wolters Kluwer; 2014.
  3. Roza D, Kornialia K, Edrizal E. Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Bawang Merah (Allium Cepa L.) terhadap Zona Hambat Pertumbuhan Streptococcus viridians. B-Dent, J Kedokt Gigi Univ Baiturrahmah. 2019;4(2):83–95.
  4. Djuanda R, Helmika V, Christabella F, Pranata N, Sugiaman V. Potensi Herbal Antibakteri Cuka Sari Apel terhadap Enterococcus faecalis sebagai Bahan Irigasi Saluran Akar. Sonde (Sound Dent. 2019;4(2):24–40.
  5. Haq L, Ichrom, Erlita. Dentin Efektivitas Senyawa Fenol Ekstrak Umbi Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia (L .) Merr) Terhadap Bakteri Mix Saluran Akar. J Kedokt Gigi, Univ Lambung Mangkurat. 2018;II(1):7–12.
  6. Kusumawardhani T, Sukaton, Sudirman A. Perbedaan Khasiat Antibakteri Bahan Irigasi Larutan Propolis dan Sodium Hypochlorite terhadap Bakteri Streptococcus viridans. Conserv Dent J. 2018;8(1):42–38.
  7. Thabet MS. The Antimicrobial Activity of Salvadora persica Solution (Miswak-Siwak) as Root Canal Irrigant. Acad J Reseacrh Sci Publ. 2020;1(9):1–10.
  8. Amalia, Marfu’ah, Amal. Aktivitas Antibakteri Kayu Siwak (Salvadora persica) Fraksi Eter Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus Secara In Vitro. Pharm J Islam Pharm. 2018;2(1):16.
  9. Suryani D, Rizkia A, Kusuma P, Putranto RR. Antibacterial Effectiveness Of Siwak (Salvadora persica) Ethanol Extracts Various Con. 2019;038:33–9.
  10. Soraya C, Sunnati, Wulandari F. Efek Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Mimba (Azadirachta indica) terhadap Pertumbuhan Enterococcus faecalis Secara In-Vitro. Cakradonya Dent J. 2019;11(1):23–32.
  11. Dwipriastuti D, Putranto RR, Anggarani W. Perbedaan Efektivitas Chlorhexidine Glukonat 0,2 % Dengan Teh Hijau (Camella Sinensis) Terhadap Jumlah Porphyromonas Gingivalis. ODONTO Dent J. 2017;4(1):50–4.
  12. Rachmawati DP., Rabbani K, Rumidatul A, Fadhila F, Maryana Y. Pengujian Aktivitas Antimikroba Ekstrak Kulit dan Kayu Ranting Sengon (Falcataria moluccana) dengan Pelarut N-Heksana, Etil Asetat, dan Metanol Terhadap Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus aureus dan Candida albicans. J Media Anal Kesehat. 2020;11(2):70–82.
  13. Hanafiah OA, Hanafiah DS, Bayu ES, Abidin T, Ilyas S, Nainggolan M, et al. Quantity Differences of Secondary Metabolites (Saponins, Tannins, and Flavonoids) from Binahong Plant Extract (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) treated and untreated with Colchicines that Play a Role in Wound Healing. World J Dent. 2017;8(4):296–9.
  14. Ananda ND, Soebagio, Yogiartono RM, Rachmadi P. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of Sambiloto Leaf Extract Against Enterococcus Faecalis. Sys Rev Pharm. 2020;11(3):899–902.
  15. Sapara T. Perbandingan Efektivitas Pasta Gigi yang Mengandung Siwak dengan Pasta Gigi tanpa Siwak pada Pasien Skelling. J e-Gigi. 2016;3(2):634–40.
  16. Manaf H, Retnowati W, Indrawati R. Antibacterial Effect of Siwak (Salvadora persica) Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Saudi J Pathology Microbiol. 2018;3(10):365–8.
  17. Egra S, Mardhiana ., Rofin M, Adiwena M, Jannah N, Kuspradini H, et al. Aktivitas Antimikroba Ekstrak Bakau (Rhizophora mucronata) dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Ralstonia Solanacearum Penyebab Penyakit Layu. J Agroekoteknologi. 2019;12(1):26–31.
  18. Fitriah, Mappiratu, Prismawiryanti. Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri EKstrak Daun Tanaman Johar (Cassia siamea Lamk.) dari Beberapa Tingkat Kepolaran Pelarut. Kovalen. 2017;3(3):242–51.
  19. Surjowardojo P, Susilorini TE, Sirait GRB. Daya Hambat Dekok Kulit Apel Manalagi (Malus sylvestrs Mill.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus dan Pseudomonas sp. Penyebab Mastitis Pada Sapi Perah. J Ternak Trop. 2015;16(2):40–8.
  20. Sulaiman AY, Astuti P, Permana Shita AD. Uji Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Kersen (Muntingia Calabura L.) Terhadap Koloni Streptococcus viridans. Indones J Heal Sci. 2017;1(2):1.
  21. Budianto NEW. Daya Hambat dan Daya Bunuh Ekstrak Serbuk Batang Siwak Terhadap Bakteri Streptococcus pyogenes. Hang Tuah Med J. 2020;18(1):100–13.
  22. Bakhriansyah M, Amalia D, Biworo A. Perbandingan Potensi Antibakteri Infus Akar Kuning (Fibraurea tinctoria Lour.) Terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Streptococcus pyogenes in vitro. Maj Farm dan Farmakol. 2021;25(3):88–93.

Lisensi Creative Commons
This work is licensed under a Lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa 4.0 Internasional.
Contact us: MEDALI Jurnal: Media Dental Intelektual : Jl. Raya Kaligawe Km.4, PO BOX 1054/SM Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia, 50112. Email: odontodentaljournal@unissula.ac.id
apps