Development of a Measurement Tool for Youth Devotion in Javanese Families: A Three-Dimensional Confirmatory Factor Analysis Model

Abstract

Devotion to parents is a core value in Javanese culture that serves as a moral, social, and philosophical foundation in family relationships. However, social changes due to globalization and modernization have given rise to new challenges in the meaning and practice of filial piety, especially among the younger generation. This study aims to examine the understanding and practice of filial piety in Javanese families and to test the validity and reliability of the developed filial piety instrument. The study used a quantitative approach with a measurement tool development design. The study participants were 176 adolescents aged 10–19 years old who were obtained through a convenience sampling technique. The research instrument was a filial piety scale consisting of 12 items with a 6-point Likert scale that measures three dimensions: Respecting Parents, Following Etiquette, and Maintaining Dignity. Data analysis was conducted using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Bayesian-based reliability testing. The analysis results showed that the three-dimensional model of filial piety has a very good model fit and all items have significant factor loadings. The devotion scale also demonstrated very high reliability, indicating good internal consistency of the instrument. The findings of this study confirm that devotion in Javanese adolescents is a multidimensional construct that is dynamic and develops according to developmental stages, with obedience and manners as the dominant forms of expression. The developed instrument is considered valid and reliable and can be used in further research and as a basis for developing family education programs based on Javanese cultural values.