Cytotoxicity and mechanical properties of biphasic calcium phosphate scaffold from Tegilarca granosa due to its composition

Widyasri Prananingrum*    -  Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Hang Tuah, Indonesia
Grace Caroline  -  Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Hang Tuah, Indonesia
Mohammad Basroni Rizal  -  Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Hang Tuah, Indonesia
Puguh Bayu Prabowo  -  Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Hang Tuah, Indonesia
Afif Fahwi Pratama  -  Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Hang Tuah, Indonesia
Muhammad Firdan Resaldi  -  Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Hang Tuah, Indonesia
Nindya Yuanita Annisa  -  Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Hang Tuah, Indonesia
Yusti Fadhilah  -  Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Hang Tuah
Rima Parwati Sari  -  Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Hang Tuah, Indonesia

(*) Corresponding Author
DOI: 10.30659/odj.10.2.247-256
Background: Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) is graft material contained HA and TCP. Tegilarca granosa shell is a natural source that may converted into BCP. This study aims to determine the composition and cytotoxicity of BCP synthesized from Tegilarca granosa shell used various hydrothermal hours and to evaluate the mechanical properties of BCP scaffold. Methods: Tegilarca granosa shell was converted into BCP using hydrothermal method at 200˚C for 6h (Group 1); 9h (Group 2); and 12h (Group 3). The composition was determined by XRD and the cell viability were evaluated using MTT Assays. Each group was added with 20% gelatin ratio 50:50 (w/v) and freeze-dried to form scaffold. Scaffolds (Ø6mm x 4mm) were prepared for diametral tensile strength (DTS) test (n=6) and scaffolds (Ø7mm x 11mm) were used for compressive strength (CS) test (n=6). All data were analyzed using Kruskall-Wallis followed by Mann-Whitney test. Results: The composition of BCP (HA/ TCP) at Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3 were 81.80%/14,10%; 87%/6%; and 72%/21%. The cell viabilities were good for all groups. The DTS and CS test showed there was a significant difference between Group 1 and Group 3 scaffold, meanwhile there was no significant differences between Group 2 and Group 3 scaffold. Group 3 scaffold showed the highest DTS and CS, 6.921 MPa and 1,233 MPa. Conclusion: The BCP composition were depent on hydrothermal hours. Although all scaffold groups were non-toxic, but BCP scaffold synthesized from Tegilarca granosa shell using hydrothermal for 12 hours showed the highest mechanical properties.

Keywords: BCP composition; compressive strength; diametral tensile strength; hydrothermal time; Tegilarca granosa; viability cell

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