The Role of Spiritual Leadership as a Moderating Variable on The Influence Work-Life Balanceon Employee Performance at PT PLN Persero Semarang Area
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30659/jrbi.v23i1.51674Keywords:
Balance, Employee, Leadership, Performance.Abstract
This study aims to analyze the influence of work-life balance on employee performance and examine the role of spiritual leadership as a moderating variable in this relationship at PT PLN (Persero) Semarang Area. This research was motivated by a research gap related to inconsistencies in previous research findings regarding the influence of work-life balance on performance and the role of leadership as a moderating variable. This study employed a quantitative approach with an explanatory approach. The study population was all 376 employees of PT PLN (Persero) Semarang Area, with a sample of 100 respondents selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data collection was conducted using a questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale. Data analysis used Structural Equation Modeling based on Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The results showed that work-life balance had a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Furthermore, spiritual leadership was shown to act as a moderating variable in the relationship between work-life balance and employee performance. These findings support Social Exchange Theory, which states that organizational support in creating work-life balance will encourage improved performance as a form of positive reciprocity from employees. Practically, the results of this study provide implications for management in optimizing work-life balance policies and developing spiritual leadership practices to sustainably improve employee performance.
References
Journals:
Adetiyas, R., Sucipto, H., & Yulianto, A. (2024). Pengaruh work-life balance, lingkungan kerja, dan kompensasi terhadap kinerja karyawan (Studi kasus PT Bintang Indokarya Gemilang). Innovative: Journal of Social Science Research, 4(5), 5756–5768.
Arfandi, & Kasran, M. (2025). Pengaruh work life balance dan gaya kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja karyawan. PENG: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen, 3(1), 1339–1349. https://doi.org/10.46269/peng.v3i1.2477
Aslam, M. (2015). Influence of work life balance on employees performance: Moderated by transactional leadership. Journal of Resources Development and Management, 10, 98–104.
Astuti, A., & Havid, M. (2025). Analisis pengaruh work-life balance terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan employee engagement sebagai variabel intervening. Diponegoro Journal of Management, 14(1), 119–132.
Bukhari, & Pasaribu, E. S. (2019). Pengaruh motivasi, kompetensi, dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja PDAM Tirta Tamiang Kabupaten Aceh. Jurnal Ilmiah Magister Manajemen, 2(1), 1–12.
Fry, L. W. (2013). Spiritual leadership and the workplace: Theory, measurement, and validation. The Leadership Quarterly, 14(6), 693–727.
Ghani, A., Azhar, A., & others. (2013). Spiritual leadership and employee performance: The mediating role of workplace spirituality. Journal of Management Development, 32(9), 941–958.
Hasrizal, & Games, D. (2023). Pengaruh kompetensi dan budaya organisasi terhadap kinerja pegawai dengan motivasi kerja sebagai mediasi pada Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Pasaman. JEMSI (Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, Dan Akuntansi), 9(5), 1847–1863. https://doi.org/10.35870/jemsi.v9i5.1395
Katili, P. B., Wibowo, W., & Akbar, M. (2021). The effects of leaderships styles, work-life balance, and employee engagement on employee performance. Quantitative Economics and Management Studies, 2, 199–205
Katili, P. B., Wibowo, W., & Akbar, M. (2021). The effects of leadership styles, work-life balance, and employee engagement on employee performance. Quantitative Economics and Management Studies, 2(3), 199–205. https://doi.org/10.35877/454RI.qems319
Kholifah, A. N., & Fadli, J. A. (2022). Pengaruh kepemimpinan transformasional dan work life balance terhadap keterikatan kerja dan kinerja karyawan. SIBATIK Journal, 1(10), 2301–2318. https://doi.org/10.54443/sibatik.v1i10.340
McGhee, P., Grant, P., & others. (2015). Spiritual leadership and organizational outcomes: A review of the literature. Journal of Spirituality, Leadership and Management, 9(1), 23–45.
Maharani, S., & Saputro, A. (2023). Pengaruh work life balance, family supportive supervisor behaviour, dan kepuasan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan. Benefit: Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis, 8(2), 128–141.
Putra, F. M., & Indrawijaya, S. (2024). Pengaruh work-life balance dan kepuasan kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai yang dimoderasi kepemimpinan spiritual pada Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Provinsi Jambi. Jurnal Manajemen Terapan dan Keuangan, 13(5), 1522–1534.
Putri, R. H., & Damayanti, D. (2025). Implementasi work-life balance terhadap kinerja karyawan. Cakrawala: Management Science Journal, 2(1), 29–34.
Sero, N., Bempah, I., & Faryati, S. (2022). Pengaruh kepemimpinan strategis dan work life balance terhadap kinerja pegawai pada kantor pelabuhan penyeberangan. Jurnal Kewarganegaraan, 6(3), 6250–6262.
Susanto, P., Hoque, M. E., Jannat, T., Emely, B., Zona, M. A., & Islam, M. A. (2022). Work-life balance, job satisfaction, and job performance of SMEs employees: The moderating role of family-supportive supervisor behaviors. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, Article 906876. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.906876
Ulhaq, M. H. D., & Suratman, A. (2025). Pengaruh work-life balance, work- family conflict, dan kesejahteraan psikologis terhadap kinerja karyawan perempuan di Yogyakarta. Optimal: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen, 5(2), 583–597. https://doi.org/10.55606/optimal.v5i2.6417
Books:
Fattah, N. (2004). Landasan manajemen pendidikan. Bandung: Rosdakarya.
Ghozali, I., & Latan, H. (2015). Partial least squares: Konsep, teknik dan aplikasi menggunakan program SmartPLS (ed. 3). Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Hasibuan, M. S. P. (2017). Manajemen sumber daya manusia (Edisi revisi). Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.
Kuncoro, M. (2013). Metode riset untuk bisnis dan ekonomi: Bagaimana meneliti dan menulis tesis. Erlangga.
Mangkunegara, A. A. A. P. (2017). Manajemen sumber daya manusia perusahaan. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya.
Nawawi, H. (2003). Kepemimpinan mengefektifkan organisasi. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research methods for business: A skill- building approach (7th ed.). Wiley.
Sugiyono. (2018). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
