Othering dan Self-Branding: Subalternitas dan Politik Representasi Indonesia dalam Buku Ajar BIPA
Abstract
Program Bahasa Indonesia bagi Penutur Asing (BIPA) telah berkembang menjadi instrumen diplomasi budaya yang tidak hanya mengajarkan bahasa, tetapi juga mereproduksi representasi ideologis tentang Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan menelaah bagaimana praktik othering, self-branding, dan subalternitas pembelajar asing diproduksi dalam kurikulum BIPA melalui teks dan visual. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan Analisis Wacana Kritis Multimodal yang memeriksa struktur linguistik, ikonografi, dan penanda ideologis dalam buku ajar BIPA level 1–7. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kurikulum BIPA secara konsisten menempatkan pembelajar asing sebagai “subjek yang lain” melalui pronomina eksklusif, modalitas normatif, dan visualisasi asimetris; bahwa Indonesia direpresentasikan melalui penyederhanaan identitas nasional yang positif dan strategis untuk kepentingan diplomasi budaya; dan bahwa pembelajar asing cenderung diposisikan sebagai subaltern yang tidak diberi ruang suara dalam konstruksi wacana pembelajaran. Implikasi penelitian menegaskan perlunya desain kurikulum yang lebih dialogis, inklusif, dan sensitif terhadap agensi pembelajar asing dalam konteks pendidikan bahasa.
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DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jpbi.13.2.1-13
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