Strategi Metakognitif Dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia bagi Pemelajar BIPA Universitas Mulawarman

Masduki Zakaria, Yuni Utami Asih, Nia Novita Putri, Isnaini Rahmah Hidayah

Abstract


Dalam konteks pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia bagi Penutur Asing (BIPA), strategi metakognitif berperan penting dalam membantu pemelajar merencanakan, memantau, dan mengevaluasi proses belajar mereka. Meskipun sejumlah penelitian sebelumnya menegaskan efektivitas strategi metakognitif dalam pembelajaran bahasa kedua, kajian yang secara khusus menyoroti strategi metakognitif pada pembelajaran BIPA masih terbatas. Sebagian besar studi BIPA lebih menekankan pada metodologi pengajaran, integrasi budaya, atau pemanfaatan teknologi, tanpa menyelami secara mendalam pengalaman personal pemelajar. Hal ini menimbulkan kesenjangan penelitian, sebab sejauh ini belum ada kajian yang berfokus langsung pada penerapan strategi metakognitif dalam konteks BIPA. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisi kesenjangan tersebut dengan menggunakan pendekatan mixed methode. Partisipan penelitian terdiri atas lima mahasiswa asing dari Polandia, Madagaskar, dan Thailand yang mengikuti program darmasiswa BIPA Universitas Mulawarman. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner strategi metakognitif (20 item, 8 dimensi) setelah mereka menempuh 9 bulan pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh partisipan menerapkan strategi metakognitif, dengan kecenderungan kuat pada aspek perhatian umum (80% selalu memilih cara termudah memahami materi) dan manajemen diri (50% selalu, 40% sering mencari informasi saat kesulitan). Namun, kelemahan menonjol terdapat pada aspek evaluasi diri, di mana 44% mahasiswa hanya kadang-kadang melakukan refleksi terhadap pencapaian belajar. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa strategi metakognitif memberikan kontribusi signifikan terhadap kemandirian belajar pemelajar BIPA, khususnya dalam hal kesadaran memilih strategi belajar, kemampuan monitoring, serta fleksibilitas menyesuaikan pendekatan. Namun, rendahnya kemampuan evaluasi diri menunjukkan bahwa proses metakognisi belum berjalan menyeluruh, sehingga kemandirian belajar belum sepenuhnya optimal. Novelty penelitian ini terletak pada fokus kajian yang secara eksplisit menyoroti penggunaan strategi metakognitif dalam pembelajaran BIPA sebuah area yang sebelumnya belum pernah diteliti secara mendalam. Penelitian selanjutnya disarankan untuk mengeksplorasi faktor budaya dan latar pendidikan asal mahasiswa yang memengaruhi praktik refleksi, serta merancang intervensi pedagogis untuk memperkuat aspek evaluasi diri pemelajar BIPA.


Keywords


kemampuan berbahasa; pembelajaran BIPA; pemelajar asing; strategi metakognitif

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DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jpbi.13.2.55-64

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