Criminal Law Policy in Efforts to Combat Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Cyber Crime
Abstract
The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has had a major impact on various areas of life, including in the criminal law aspect. AI is not only used for positive purposes, but also opens up opportunities for new cybercrimes such as deepfakes, automated phishing, and digital identity theft. These crimes pose new challenges in law enforcement, especially regarding criminal liability and the lack of legal regulations that specifically regulate AI-based crimes. This study aims to analyze criminal law policies in dealing with AI-based cybercrime, both in the current positive law and the prospects for its regulation in the future. This study uses a normative legal method with a descriptive-analytical approach. Data were collected through a literature study of laws and regulations such as the Criminal Code, the ITE Law, and relevant literature. The results of the study indicate that existing regulations have not explicitly regulated the use and misuse of AI in cybercrime. The applicable legal provisions are still general and have not been able to accommodate the complexity of AI-based crimes. This indicates a legal vacuum that must be filled immediately through the renewal of criminal law policies that are more adaptive and progressive to the development of information technology. Based on the results of the analysis, a reformulation of criminal law policies is needed that can answer the challenges of AI-based cybercrime through the approach of the theory of the rule of law, the theory of criminal responsibility, and the theory of criminal policy. This research provides a theoretical contribution to the development of criminal law in the digital era, as well as being a practical reference for policy makers in formulating relevant and effective regulations. Thus, it is hoped that the Indonesian legal system can respond to technological developments by creating regulations that are fair, clear, and able to protect the public from increasingly complex cybercrimes.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Journals:
Aldriano, M. A., & Priyambodo, M. A. (2022). Cyber crime dalam sudut pandang hukum pidana. Jurnal Kewarganegaraan, 6(1), hlm.2173.
Amalia, D. A. R., et al. (2021). Kebijakan hukum pidana dalam upaya penanggulangan cyber terorism. Jurnal Nama, 3(2), 232.
Bibit Santoso, “Menata Kebijakan Publik Yang Tepat Agar Tidak Terjadi Gejolak Di Masyarakat Bila Diundangkan” vol.13, no.1, hlm.39.
Budianto, Rafi Septia, dan Noenik Soekorini. "Tindak Pidana Cyber Crime dan Penegakan Hukumnya." Binamulia Hukum, vol. 12, no. 2, 2023, hlm.292
Febri Jaya dan Wilton Goh, “Analisis Yuridis Terdahap Kedudukan Kecerdasan Buatan Atau Artificial Intelligence Sebagai Subjek Hukum Pada Hukum Positif Indonesia”, Jurnal Supremasi Hukum, Edisi Vol. 17 No.02, Juli 2021, hlm. 2
Intan Permata Sari, et.al. “Analisis Kebijakan Cyber Crime dalam Hukum Positif di Indonesia”. Journal of Law and Nation (JOLN). Vol. 3, No. 2. Mei 2024, hlm. 396.
Izil Hidayat Putra, “Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Korban Penyalahgunaan Artificial Intelligence (AI) Berupa Deepfake Pornografi Menurut Peraturan Perundang-Undangan“, vol.1, no.2, hlm.112
Livingstone, S., Helsper, E.J. “Gradations in Digital Inclusion: Children, Young People, and the Digital Devide”. New Media & Society. Vol. 9, No. 4, hlm. 671-696.
Mahrina, Joko Sasmito, Candra Zonyfar, “The Electronic and Transactions Law (EIT Law) as the First Cybercrime Law in Indonesia: An Introduction and Its Implementation”, Jurnal Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum, Vol. 21, No. 2, December 2022, hlm. 345.
Marsella, dkk, “Analisis Implementasi Artificial Intelligence Untuk Bisnis: Supanto, dkk “Regulasi Penyimpangan Artificial Intelligence Pada Tindak Pidana Malware Berdasarkan Undang-Udang Republik Indonesia Nomor 19 Tahun 2016”, vol.9, no.2, hlm.132
Miftakhur Rokhman Habibi, Isnatul Liviani. “Kejahatan Teknologi Informasi (Cyber Crime) dan Penanggulangan dalam Sistem Hukum Indonesia”. Jurnal Al-Qanun: Pemikiran dan Pembaharuan Hukum Islam. Vol. 23, No.2. Desember 2020. Hlm. 407.
Ni Made Yordha Ayu Astiti. “Strict Llliability of Artificial Intelegence: Pertanggungjawaban Kepada Pengatur AI ataukah AI yang Diberikan Beban Pertanggungjawaban”. Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana. Vol. 12, No. 4, Desember 2023, hlm. 969.
Nugroho, H.T. Wahyuni. “Tantangan Regulasi Kejahatan Siber di Indonesia: Perspektif Perkembangan Teknologi Kecerdasan Buatan”. Jurnal Hukum dan Teknologi. Vol. 7, No. 2, hlm. 129.
Nur Aliya. R, Muhammad Aksay, Muhammad Firdaus. A. “Urgensi Pembuatan Regulasi Penggunaan AI (Artificial Intelegence) di Indonesia”. Jurnal Penegakan Hukum Indonesia (JPHI). Vol. 5, No. 1, hlm. 48.
Yosua Hia. “Analisa Yuridis Pasal-Pasal Khusus Terkait Kejahatan Siber dalam KUHP Baru (UU Nomor 1 Tahun 2023)”. Jurnal SELISIK. Vol. 10, No. 1, Juni 2024, hlm. 158.
Smith, J. “AI and Fraud: The Rise of Deepfake Scams”. Cybersecurity Review. Vol. 15, No. 3, hlm. 45-50.
Supanto, dkk “Regulasi Penyimpangan Artificial Intelligence Pada Tindak Pidana Malware Berdasarkan Undang-Udang Republik Indonesia Nomor 19 Tahun 2016”, Vol.9, No.2, Hlm.132
Systematic Literature Review”, vol.4, no.2, hlm.134
Tri Wahyudi, “Studi Kasus Pengembangan dan Penggunaan Artificial Intelligence (AI) Sebagai Penunjang Kegiatan Masyarakat Indonesia”, vol.9, no.1, hlm.29
Kasim, Z. (2023). Kebijakan hukum pidana untuk penanggulangan cyber crime di Indonesia. Jurnal Nama, 2(1), 20.
Books:
Brenner, S. W. 2010. Cybercrime: Criminal threats from cyberspace. Praeger.
A. S.T. Kansil, 1989, Pengantar Ilmu Hukum dan Tata Hukum Indonesia, Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.
Casey, E. 2011. “Digital Evidence and Computer Crime: Forensic Science, Computers, and The Internet (3rd edision)”. Academic Press.
Kaharuddin, & Haq, Z. A. (2024). Kecerdasan buatan dan aspek perlindungan hukum di era digitalisasi. Prenada Media.
Moeljatno. 2002. Asas-asas Hukum Pidana. Jakarta: PT Rineka Cipta.
Philipus M. Hadjon. 2007. Perlindungan Hukum bagi Rakyat Indonesia: Sebuah Studi tentan Prinsip-Prinsipnya, Penanganannya oleh Peradilan dalam Lingkungan Peradilan Umum dan Pembentukan Peradilan Administrasi Negara. Surabaya: Peradaban.
Satjipto Rahardjo. 2000. Hukum dan Perubahan Sosial: Suatu Tinjauan Teoritis serta Pen-galaman-Pengalaman di Indonesia. Jakarta: Genta Publishing.
Sutan Remy Sjahdeini. Kejahatan Siber: Cybercrime. Jakarta: Pustaka Utama Grafiti, 2003, hlm. 12-15.
Wall, D. S. 2007. Cybercrime: The transformation of crime in the information age. Polity Press.
Regulation:
ITE Law Number 1 of 2024, an amendment to ITE Law No. 11 of 2008
Article 1 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution
Law Number 6 of 2023 amending Law Number 36 of 1999 concerning Telecommunications
Law Number 28 of 2014 amending Law Number 19 of 2002 concerning Copyright
Law Number 5 of 2018 amending Law Number 15 of 2003 concerning the Eradication of Terrorism
Criminal Code (KUHP)
Article 335 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code concerning Unpleasant Acts
Article 362 of the Criminal Code concerning Theft
Article 378 of the Criminal Code concerning Fraud
Internet:
Ahmad Sudi Pratikno, “Implementation of Artificial Intelligence in Mapping Characteristics, Competencies, and Psychological Development of Elementary School Students Through Offline Platforms”, available inhttps://scholar.google.co.id/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=id&user=-FbwaL4AAAAJ&citation_for_view=-FbwaL4AAAAJ:d1gkVwhDpl0C
European Commission. Proposal for a regulation laying down harmonized rules on artificial intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act). https://eur-lex.europa.eu.
Giovani Dio Prasasti, “Deputy Minister of Communication and Information: 22.1 Percent of Workers in Indonesia Have Started Using AI”,https://www.liputan6.com/tekno/read/5467690/wamenkominfo-221-persen-pekerja-diindonesia-sudah-mulai-pakai-ai?page=2.
Online Law, Measuring the Prospects of Artificial Intelligence Regulation in Indonesia
https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/a/menakar-prospek-pengaturan-artificial-intelligence-diindonesia/.
Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2019). Siri, Siri in my hand, who's the fairest in the land? On the interpretations, illustrations, and implications of artificial intelligence. Business Horizons, 62(1), 15-
US Congress. Algorithmic Accountability Act of 2019.https://www.congress.gov.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jhku.v20i2.46251
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Hukum Khairu Ummah Indexed by :

![]() | Jurnal Hukum Khaira Ummah | |
Faculty of Law, Unissula | Copyright of Jurnal Hukum Khaira Ummah | |
Jalan Kaligawe Raya KM.4, Terboyo Kulon, Genuk, | ISSN ( 1907-3119 ) e-ISSN ( 2988-3334 ) | |
Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia, 50112 |