Privacy Statement

The names and email addresses entered in this journal site will be used exclusively for the stated purposes of this journal and will not be made available for any other purpose or to any other party. Here some important information for authors:

License & Open Access Policy – JURNAL AKTA

Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)

JURNAL AKTA is an open-access journal, meaning that all published content is freely available to the public without charge to the user or their institution.

All articles published in JURNAL AKTA are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0).

Terms of the License

Under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license, users are free to:

  • Share: Copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format.

  • Adapt: Remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.

Under the following terms:

  1. Attribution (BY): Users must give appropriate credit to the original authors and JURNAL AKTA, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

  2. ShareAlike (SA): If users remix, transform, or build upon the material, they must distribute their contributions under the same or compatible license as the original.

Copyright & Author Rights

  • Copyright Retention: Authors retain full copyright ownership of their work published in JURNAL AKTA without restrictions.

  • Publication Rights: Authors grant JURNAL AKTA a non-exclusive license to publish, display, and archive the article as the original publisher.

  • Self-Archiving: Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their published work online (e.g., in institutional repositories, SSRN, or personal websites) to promote scholarly dissemination and increased citations.

Plagiarism Policy – JURNAL AKTA

1. Zero Tolerance Statement

JURNAL AKTA maintains a strict zero-tolerance policy against all forms of plagiarism, self-plagiarism, text recycling, data fabrication, and falsification. Every manuscript submitted to JURNAL AKTA must represent original legal research and analytical work that has neither been published previously nor is currently under consideration elsewhere.

2. Plagiarism Screening & Similarity Threshold

All submitted manuscripts undergo rigorous electronic plagiarism screening prior to being sent for peer review and before final publication:

  • Screening Tools: Submissions are checked using Turnitin (or iThenticate).

  • Maximum Similarity Index: The overall similarity index must not exceed 22%.

  • Individual Source Limit: Matches from a single publication or online source must not exceed 3%.

  • Exclusions: Common legal citations, standard statutory titles, bibliographic references, and direct legal quotes (properly formatted and attributed) may be excluded from the percentage threshold at the Editor's discretion.

3. Forms of Misconduct Addressed

JURNAL AKTA explicitly screens for and prohibits:

  • Direct Plagiarism: Copying word-for-word text from other sources without quotation marks and proper citation.

  • Substantial Paraphrasing: Rewriting ideas, legal reasoning, or analytical structures from other works without proper attribution.

  • Self-Plagiarism / Duplicate Submission: Reusing substantial portions of the author’s own previously published work without explicit cross-referencing and editorial permission.

  • Data & Citation Falsification: Manipulating empirical data, field research findings, or citing non-existent statutes/court decisions.

4. Editorial Action on Non-Compliance

If plagiarism or unacceptable similarity levels are detected at any stage of the editorial process:

  • Pre-Review Stage (Desk Review):

    • Similarity between 23% – 30%: The manuscript will be returned to the author for revision and re-submission within a specified deadline.

    • Similarity exceeding 30% or severe plagiarism: The manuscript will be rejected outright without peer review.

  • Post-Publication Stage:

    If plagiarism or copyright violation is proven after publication, JURNAL AKTA will issue a formal Retraction Notice published online and linked to the original article, and formal notice may be sent to the author’s affiliated institution.

Allegations of Research Misconduct Policy – JURNAL AKTA

1. Commitment to Scientific Integrity

JURNAL AKTA is committed to upholding the highest standards of academic integrity, ethical legal scholarship, and publication ethics. The journal takes all allegations of research misconduct seriously and follows the formal guidelines and flowcharts established by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) when handling suspected or reported cases.

2. Definition of Research Misconduct

Research misconduct includes, but is not limited to:

  • Plagiarism & Self-Plagiarism: Presenting another's work, legal analysis, or ideas as one's own without proper acknowledgment, or recycling substantial portions of one's own published work without attribution.

  • Data Fabrication & Falsification: Inventing empirical data, field study responses, court proceedings, or deliberate manipulation of legal materials and findings.

  • Citation Manipulation: Excessive or inappropriate self-citation, coordinated citation circles, or forced citation of specific authors or journals without academic relevance.

  • Unethical Authorship: Gift, guest, or ghost authorship, or failure to disclose conflict of interest.

  • Unauthorized AI Generation: Undisclosed use of AI tools as primary authors or for generated fake data/legal analysis.

  • Multiple / Simultaneous Submission: Submitting the same manuscript concurrently to more than one journal.

3. Reporting Allegations

Whistleblowers, reviewers, authors, or readers who suspect research misconduct in any manuscript submitted to or published in JURNAL AKTA are encouraged to report the matter immediately.

  • How to Report: Email a confidential report to the Editor-in-Chief at jurnalakta@unissula.ac.id or rumahjurnalfh@unissula.ac.id.

  • Required Details: Reports should include specific evidence (e.g., links, comparative text snippets, overlapping figures, or original data files) to support the allegation.

  • Anonymity & Protection: All allegations are handled with strict confidentiality to protect the privacy of both the whistleblower and the accused party. Anonymous complaints will be investigated if sufficient verifiable evidence is provided.

4. Investigation Procedure

Upon receiving a formal allegation, the Editorial Board follows a systematic, fair, and unbiased investigation process:

  1. Initial Assessment: The Editor-in-Chief and Ethics Editor conduct an initial review to determine whether the complaint falls under research misconduct and contains plausible evidence.

  2. Author Inquiry: If the allegation is deemed substantive, the corresponding author is contacted confidentially and given 14 to 21 days to provide an explanation, original research data, or supporting materials.

  3. Independent Review: The Editorial Board may appoint an independent ad-hoc ethics committee or consult neutral experts in legal research ethics to evaluate the case.

  4. Institutional Involvement: If necessary, or if the author fails to respond satisfactorily, the Editor may escalate the matter to the author's affiliated institution or funding body for further investigation.

5. Corrective & Penal Actions

If the investigation confirms research misconduct, JURNAL AKTA will implement appropriate actions depending on the severity of the offense:

  • Pre-Publication Stage: Immediate rejection of the manuscript and temporary or permanent ban of the author(s) from submitting to JURNAL AKTA.

  • Post-Publication Stage:

    • Formal Correction (Erratum/Corrigendum): Issued for minor errors or unintentional oversights that do not invalidate the scientific conclusions.

    • Expression of Concern: Published if an investigation is ongoing or inconclusive, but strong indicators of misconduct remain.

    • Article Retraction: Issued in cases of severe misconduct (e.g., major plagiarism, fabricated data, duplicate publication). The article PDF will be watermarked as "RETRACTED", and a formal Retraction Statement will be linked to the article landing page in accordance with COPE Retraction Guidelines.

  • Notification: Official notice of the outcome may be sent to the authors' institution, dean, or funding agencies.

Berikut adalah deskripsi Conflicts of Interest / Competing Interests Policy (termasuk deskripsi mengenai Conflict of Interest URL) dalam bahasa Inggris yang disusun sesuai standar COPE dan ICMJE untuk JURNAL AKTA:

Conflict of Interest Policy – JURNAL AKTA

1. Policy Statement

JURNAL AKTA requires all participants in the publication process—including authors, peer reviewers, and editors—to transparently declare any potential financial, professional, personal, or institutional conflicts of interest that could influence or be perceived as influencing the objectivity, integrity, or outcome of the submitted manuscript.

2. Definition of Conflicts of Interest

A conflict of interest (or competing interest) exists when secondary considerations (such as personal relationships, financial gain, or academic competition) have the potential to compromise or bias primary professional judgment in legal research and editorial decision-making.

Potential conflicts of interest include, but are not limited to:

  • Financial Interests: Grants, research funding, honoraria, employment, consulting fees, or stock ownership related to the research subject or involved institutions.

  • Professional & Institutional Relationships: Professional affiliation with a legal firm, corporate entity, or government body directly impacted by or involved in the legal case/dispute under study.

  • Personal & Social Ties: Personal, family, or close academic ties between authors, editors, or invited peer reviewers.

  • Legal Advocacy Conflict: Active participation as a legal representative, expert witness, or legal counsel in ongoing litigation related directly to the manuscript's subject matter.

3. Disclosure Responsibilities

A. Authors

  • All authors must disclose any potential conflicts of interest upon initial manuscript submission.

  • Authors must include a formal "Conflict of Interest Statement" at the end of the manuscript (before the References section).

  • If no conflict exists, authors must state:

    "The author(s) declare(s) that there are no potential conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this article."

B. Peer Reviewers

  • Reviewers must decline invitations to review any manuscript if they have a known financial, institutional, or personal relationship with any of the authors.

  • Reviewers must notify the Editor immediately if they suspect a conflict of interest during the double-anonymous review process.

C. Editors & Editorial Board

  • Editors must recuse themselves from managing or making editorial decisions on manuscripts authored by themselves, family members, or colleagues from the same department/institution.

  • Editors will assign an independent alternative editor (guest or handling editor) to oversee the peer-review process in such cases.

4. Direct URLs & Forms Access

To access full guidelines and download disclosure forms, authors and reviewers can use the following links:

  • Conflict of Interest Guidelines URL:

    [https://jurnal.unissula.ac.id/index.php/akta/about/editorialPolicies#conflictOfInterest](https://jurnal.unissula.ac.id/index.php/akta/about/editorialPolicies#conflictOfInterest)

  • Conflict of Interest Disclosure Form (Download Link):

    [https://jurnal.unissula.ac.id/index.php/akta/about/submissions](https://jurnal.unissula.ac.id/index.php/akta/about/submissions)

Berikut adalah kebijakan Post-Publication Discussions and Corrections (Diskusi Paska-Penerbitan) dalam bahasa Inggris yang disusun sesuai standar internasional COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics) untuk JURNAL AKTA:

Post-Publication Discussions & Corrections Policy – JURNAL AKTA

1. Principle of Post-Publication Academic Dialogue

JURNAL AKTA strongly supports continuous scholarly debate and post-publication academic discussion. Science and legal scholarship progress through constructive feedback, commentary, and ongoing examination. The journal provides mechanisms for readers, legal scholars, and practitioners to discuss, comment on, or challenge articles after they have been formally published.

2. Mechanisms for Post-Publication Discussion

Post-publication feedback and debate are facilitated through the following channels:

  • Letters to the Editor / Formal Commentaries:

    Readers may submit a formal "Letter to the Editor" or a brief commentary addressing specific analytical flaws, legal interpretation disputes, methodological concerns, or oversights in a published article.

  • Author Responses:

    When a critical letter or commentary is accepted for publication, the author(s) of the original article are invited to submit a formal "Author Reply". Both the commentary and the author's response are published concurrently or in the subsequent journal issue to foster balanced dialogue.

  • Online Reader Comments & Direct Feedback:

    Substantive comments, inquiries, or constructive critique can also be submitted directly to the Editorial Office via email at jurnalakta@unissula.ac.id.

3. Post-Publication Corrections & Amendments

If an error, oversight, or ethical concern is identified post-publication, JURNAL AKTA strictly follows COPE flowcharts to maintain the permanent integrity of the scholarly record through formal amendments:

  1. Erratum / Publisher's Correction:

    Issued to correct significant administrative, typesetting, formatting, or publishing errors introduced by the journal that affect the article's readability or factual accuracy.

  2. Corrigendum / Author's Correction:

    Issued to correct significant honest mistakes, mathematical/data errors, or omissions submitted by the authors that do not invalidate the overall scientific findings or main legal arguments.

  3. Addendum:

    Published when additional information, supplementary legal data, or context is required to clarify the original paper without altering its core conclusions.

  4. Retraction Notice:

    Issued in severe cases where findings are unreliable due to misconduct (plagiarism, data fabrication, duplicate publication) or major honest errors. The original PDF is retained but watermarked as "RETRACTED", accompanied by an explanatory Retraction Statement.

4. Permanence of the Academic Record

  • DOI Persistence: All formal post-publication notices (Errata, Corrigenda, Retractions) receive unique Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) and are permanently linked to the original published article.

  • Version Control: The original article text remains preserved in its original published form whenever possible, with clear cross-references to any post-publication correction or retraction statement to ensure transparency and version control.

Berikut adalah kebijakan Correction and Retraction (Koreksi dan Penarikan Kembali Artikel) dalam bahasa Inggris yang disusun sesuai standar internasional COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics) untuk JURNAL AKTA:

Correction and Retraction Policy – JURNAL AKTA

1. Statement of Principle

JURNAL AKTA is committed to maintaining the permanent integrity and accuracy of the scholarly record. Published legal research represents a permanent record of scientific contribution. On rare occasions, it becomes necessary to amend, correct, or retract an article post-publication to address scientific errors or ethical violations in accordance with Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines.

2. Categories of Post-Publication Amendments

A. Erratum / Publisher’s Correction

An Erratum is published when a significant error was introduced by the journal during the editing, typesetting, or publishing process that impacts the clarity, readability, or accuracy of the paper (e.g., severe misprints in key legal statutes, incorrect table figures, or omitted author names).

B. Corrigendum / Author’s Correction

A Corrigendum is published when a significant error or oversight was made by the author(s) prior to publication (e.g., inadvertent error in empirical data analysis, minor omission of case citations, or minor errors in legal interpretation) that does not invalidate the overall scientific conclusions of the manuscript.

C. Expression of Concern

An Expression of Concern is a formal notice published by the Editor-in-Chief when:

  • There is well-founded evidence of research or publication misconduct, but the investigation by the author's institution or journal remains inconclusive or ongoing.

  • Inconclusive or disputed evidence is presented, but the Editor feels the readership should be alerted to potential concerns regarding the validity of the findings.

D. Retraction Notice

A Retraction is the complete withdrawal of an article from the primary scholarly literature. An article will be retracted if:

  • There is clear evidence that the findings/legal analyses are unreliable due to misconduct (e.g., data fabrication, falsification) or severe honest error (e.g., calculation errors or misquoted primary legal sources).

  • The manuscript constitutes severe plagiarism, duplicate publication without permission, or unethical authorship.

  • The findings have previously been published elsewhere without proper cross-referencing, permission, or justification.

3. Retraction Procedure & Guidelines

When an article is formally retracted by JURNAL AKTA:

  1. Retraction Statement: A formal retraction notice titled "Retraction: [Article Title]" is published in the current issue of the journal and listed in the table of contents.

  2. DOI Linkage: The retraction statement is assigned a unique Digital Object Identifier (DOI) and bi-directionally linked to the original article’s landing page.

  3. PDF Watermarking: The original article PDF is not removed from the website (to preserve the historical record), but it is distinctly watermarked with the word "RETRACTED" on every page.

  4. Explanatory Notice: The retraction notice clearly states who retracted the article (authors or editors) and the specific reasons for the retraction to maintain complete transparency.

4. Removal of Published Content

Article removal is extremely rare and will only occur under extraordinary legal circumstances, such as:

  • Clear legal orders from a competent court directing the removal of the article.

  • Severe defamation, violation of personal privacy, or unlawful content posing severe safety/legal risks.

In such cases, the article text will be removed, but the metadata and an official statement explaining the removal will remain on the article landing page.

Berikut adalah deskripsi Ownership and Management Information (Keterangan Kepemilikan dan Kepengelolaan) dalam bahasa Inggris yang disusun sesuai standar akreditasi jurnal ilmiah nasional (SINTA) dan indeksasi internasional (DOAJ/COPE) untuk JURNAL AKTA:

Ownership and Management Information – JURNAL AKTA

1. Journal Ownership

JURNAL AKTA is an official academic journal owned, published, and financially supported by Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA), a leading private university in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia.

  • Owner / Institutional Publisher: Faculty of Law, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (Fakultas Hukum UNISSULA)

  • Institutional Website: https://unissula.ac.id/ / https://fh.unissula.ac.id/

  • Official Address:

    Faculty of Law, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA)

    Jl. Raya Kaligawe Km. 4, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia - 50112

2. Management & Operational Body

The operational and editorial management of JURNAL AKTA is carried out independently by the Editorial Board of JURNAL AKTA under the administrative auspices of the Law Journal Center (Rumah Jurnal Fakultas Hukum UNISSULA).

  • Editorial Independence: The Editorial Board exercises full authority and editorial independence regarding manuscript selection, peer-review management, and final publication decisions without influence or interference from university management, commercial entities, or external stakeholders.

  • Managing Team: The journal is managed by a team of legal scholars, managing editors, production editors, and technical OJS administrators affiliated with the Faculty of Law, UNISSULA, alongside international guest editors and peer reviewers.

3. Institutional Support & Funding Model

  • Financial Model: JURNAL AKTA receives primary organizational, infrastructure, and financial backing from Universitas Islam Sultan Agung.

  • Commercial Non-Involvement: The journal does not engage in commercial advertising, direct sponsorship, or third-party marketing that could compromise its scholarly integrity or create conflicts of interest.

  • Open Access Sustainability: Institutional support enables the journal to maintain high editorial standards, provide open-access research to the public, and manage digital preservation networks.

4. Key Contact Information

For inquiries regarding journal management, ownership, or institutional partnerships, please contact:

  • Editor-in-Chief / Managing Office: Faculty of Law, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

  • Official Email: jurnalakta@unissula.ac.id / rumahjurnalfh@unissula.ac.id

  • Official Journal Portal: [suspicious link removed]