The Influence of Blockchain Technology on Changes in the Role of Notaries in Property Transactions Involving Notaries as Land Deed Officials (PPAT)

Muhammad Natsir Fadly

Abstract


This study aims to analyze Indonesian legal regulations related to the use of blockchain technology in changing the role of Notaries/PPATs, their legal implications, and the form of deeds in blockchain-based property transactions. The method used is empirical legal research with a sociological approach and a descriptive-analytical behavioral approach. Primary data consists of interviews with Notaries/PPATs and secondary data consists of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The analysis is based on the Theory of Legal Certainty and the Theory of Legal Protection within a progressive legal framework. The results show that legal regulations related to blockchain in notaries and property transactions still exist in a state of normative vacuum (recht vacuüm). Existing regulations have not yet accommodated the decentralized characteristics of blockchain, and there is a regulatory gap between this technology and notarial principles, such as the principle of physical presence and the obligation to keep minutes of deeds. In terms of legal implications, blockchain encourages a shift from institutional trust to technological trust and the transformation of the Notary/PPAT function into a digital system integrity monitor. Nevertheless, the Notary's substantive function in ensuring the free will of the parties and bearing legal responsibility remains irreplaceable. Comprehensive legal reform is needed, including redefining the principle of presence, recognizing blockchain-based documents, and updating the oversight mechanism for positions to create a modern legal system while still ensuring legal certainty and protection. The current form of deeds in blockchain-based property transactions remains hybrid, combining conventional authentic deeds with blockchain-based digital systems.


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