Reformulation of Criminal Qualification in Indonesian Intellectual Property Rights Law: A Comparative Study Based on The Concept of Besonderes Öffentliches Interesse in Germany
Abstract
This study examines the reformulation of the qualification of offenses in Indonesian Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) law using the concept of besonderes öffentliches Interesse (special public interest) in German IPR criminal law as a comparative framework. Six Indonesian IPR laws currently in force qualify IPR crimes as absolute complaint offenses, which give rise to various legal problems: passivity of law enforcement officers, low levels of disclosure of IPR crimes, imbalance between the protection of private rights and public interests, and the inability to respond to the challenges of the digital era. This normative legal research with a statutory, comparative, conceptual, and historical approach analyzes the qualification of offenses in Indonesian IPR Law, examines the concept of besonderes öffentliches Interesse in German law (specifically article 109 Urheberrechtsgesetz), and formulates a reformulation model in the form of the concept of "relative complaint offense" (relatives Antragsdelikt). This model maintains the general rule of complaint offense qualification but allows for ex officio prosecution by prosecutors if there is a "special public interest" based on six criteria: commercial scale of the violation, significant economic impact, organized violation, impact on public health/safety, massive-scale digital violation, and impact on the national creative industry. This research also produced a normative formulation in the form of draft amendments to the Indonesian Intellectual Property Rights Law and prosecution guidelines. This reformulation is based on Pancasila, the principle of balance, and the proportional ultimum remedium paradigm.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/rlj.5.3.3935-3956
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