Legal Review of The Prosecutor's Role in Optimizing Asset Recovery in Corruption and Money Laundering Crimes
Abstract
Corruption and money laundering have caused massive state financial losses, yet the rate of asset recovery in Indonesia remains very low and disproportionate to these losses. This study aims to analyze the legal status and authority of the Indonesian Attorney General's Office in implementing asset recovery, identify weaknesses that hinder the process of tracking, confiscating, and seizing assets, and formulate the implementation of legal reforms to the Attorney General's Office's authority in the future. The research method used is a normative juridical approach combined with an empirical approach, with a descriptive analytical approach. Data collection was conducted through literature review, in-depth interviews, and field observations. The data were then analyzed qualitatively using Jeremy Bentham's Utilitarian Theory of Justice, the Economic Efficiency Theory of Law, and the Maqashid Sharia Theory. The research results show that philosophically and legally, the Prosecutor's Office holds central authority as case controller (dominus litis) and sole executor in asset recovery. However, the optimization of this role is hampered by three systemic weaknesses: the vacuum of legal substance (the non-validation of the rules on asset confiscation without criminal penalties/material lawsuits and the backwardness of the Criminal Procedure Code regarding digital assets), problematic legal structures (high sectoral egos and the absence of inter-institutional database integration), and inefficient asset management (high maintenance costs that cause the depreciation of the economic value of confiscated goods). Therefore, radical policy reforms are needed in the form of institutionalizing asset confiscation without criminal penalties (Non-Conviction Based Asset Forfeiture), restructuring the Asset Recovery Center by providing real-time access to financial intelligence data, and transforming the paradigm of law enforcement from corporal punishment to restorative justice measured purely by the ratio of state losses (recovery rate).
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/rlj.5.3.3516-3539
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