Analysis of Criminal Responsibility of Perpetrators of Aggravated Theft Based on Article 477 of The National Criminal Code and Fiqh Jinayah
Abstract
The reform of national criminal law through the enactment of the National Criminal Code introduces a new paradigm in the regulation and punishment of criminal offenses, including aggravated theft. Aggravated theft is classified as an offense with a higher degree of culpability and social harm compared to ordinary theft, thereby requiring a proportional and just concept of criminal liability. This study aims to analyze the concept of criminal liability for perpetrators of aggravated theft under the National Criminal Code and to compare it with the concept of criminal liability in Islamic criminal law, particularly in relation to jarīmah and ḥudūd, within the framework of substantive justice. This research employs a normative legal research method using statutory, conceptual, and comparative law approaches. The data were collected through a literature review of legislation, criminal law doctrines, and Islamic criminal law literature. The findings indicate that the National Criminal Code has incorporated principles of differentiated punishment and fault-based criminal liability; however, it still tends to emphasize a retributive approach. In contrast, Islamic criminal law through the concepts of Jarīmah and Ḥudūd emphasizes a balance between retribution, victim restoration, and social welfare. The comparison of these two legal systems demonstrates the relevance of substantive justice values in Islamic criminal law as a normative reference for developing a more humane and socially oriented national criminal sentencing policy.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/rlj.5.2.%25p
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