Analysis Of The Urgency Of A Judge's Legal Reasoning Capability In Facing Overcriminalization
Abstract
Judges' legal reasoning in addressing the phenomenon of overcriminalization in Indonesia focuses on shifting from a rigid, rule-bound positivist approach to a more substantive, progressive, and restorative justice-based approach. Judges are required to be more than just "the mouth of the law" (la bouche de la loi), but rather as enforcers of justice capable of limiting excessive criminalization, especially when the law is unclear (lex certa) or used to implicate acts that should be resolved through civil or administrative means. The aim of this research is to determine and analyze (1) the nature of overcriminalization in the development of criminalization in Indonesia, (2) the position of judges in facing overcriminalization by fulfilling legal reasoning skills, (3) the problems of optimizing a judge's legal reasoning in facing overcriminalization. The approach used in this research is normative juridical. The research specifications are descriptive and analytical. The data sources used are secondary data. Secondary data is data obtained from library research, consisting of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. The results of the research and discussion can be concluded: (1) The phenomenon of overcriminalization in Indonesia is increasingly evident post-reform when the legislative process is often driven by short-term political interests and populist demands. Many new laws and changes to laws quickly include criminal sanctions as an instant solution to social problems. (2) Connecting with the position of judges in facing overcriminalization, judges are required to reason legally (legal reasoning) progressively in finding the law (rechtsvinding) as a basis for deciding cases that are full of elements of overcriminalization. Based on the nature of criminal law which is actually held to regulate human behavior with the consequences of sanctions through criminal instruments for those who violate it but as a last option that is in accordance with the principle of ultimum remedium (last resort) not as primum remedium (main tool). (3) Problems that arise within the Indonesian Judiciary that affect the quality of Human Resources of Judges in Indonesia in order to accommodate legal reasoning capabilities in facing the wave of overcriminalization cases, for example structural problems and cultural problems.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Journals:
Muhammad Idris Nasution, Muhammad Ali, Fauziah Lubis. Pembaruan Sistem Pemidanaan di Indonesia: Kajian Literatur atas KUHP Baru, Judge : Jurnal Hukum, 05 (1) 2024
Muhammad Rivaldianto, dkk. Moralitas Hakim di Indonesia dalam Mewujudkan Keadilan menurut Perspektif Aristoteles. Nusantara: Jurnal Pendidikan, Seni, Sains dan Sosial Humanioral, 1 (1) Januari 2023
Murdoko, Disparitas Penegakan Hukum di Indonesia (Analisis Kritis Kasus Nenek Minah dalam Perspektif Hukum Progresif). Perspektif Hukum, 16 (2) November 2016
Nils Jareborg, Criminalization as Last Resort (Ultima Ratio), Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law, 2 (52) January 2005
Norman L.Reimer (Executive Director of NATL ASSOC of Crim Deffense Lawyers), "Overcriminalization: Criminalizing the Everyday", https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J9wNJKEch14&t=13s
Nur Iftitah Isnantiana, Legal Reasoning Hakim Dalam Pengambilan Putusan Perkara Di Pengadilan, Jurnal Islamadina, 18 (2) 2017
Pande Komang Surya Mahesa, Ayu Putu Laksmi Danyathi. Penerapan Prinsip Ultimum Remedium dalam Kebijakan Kriminalisasi di Indonesia: Tinjauan Teoritis dan Praktis, Jurnal Meda Akademik (JMA), 3 (9) September 2025
Paul L. Friedman, Remarks at the Eleventh Annual Judge Thomas A. Flannery Lecture (Nov. 6, 2019), in Threats to Judicial Independence and the Rule of Law, A.B.A. COMM. AM. JUD. SYS.https://www.americanbar.org/groups/litigation/about/awards-initiatives/american-judicialsystem/threats-to-judicial-independence-and-rule-of-law
Petrus CKL Bello. Hukum sebagai Interpretasi. DISKURSUS, 11 (1) April 2012
_______________. Teori Kesetaraan Sumber Daya Dworkin dalam Kerangka Keadilan Distributif dan Implikasinya Terhadap Konstitusi Negara Kesejahteraan. Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan, 52 (2) April-Juni 2022
Ricardo, Penerapan Konsep Restorative Justice Jaksa sebagai Paradigma Pemidanaan Keadilan. Magister Ilmu Hukum Unissula, Semarang, Tesis, 2024
Ridwan, Relasi Hukum Dan Moral Perspektif Imperative Categories. Fundamental: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum, 10 (1) Januari-Juni 2024
Rodrigo Fernandes Elias. Penemuan Hukum dalam Proses Peradilan Pidana. Jurnal LPPM Bidang EkoSosBudKum. 1 (1) 2014
Rona Apriana Fajarwati, Analisis Sistem Pemidanaan dalam Dinamika Hukum di Indonesia Ditinjau dari Perspektif Islam. Journal of Mandalika Literature, 6 (3) 2025
Rospita Adelina Siregar, et.al, Majelis Disiplin Profesi sebagai Primum Remedium Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2023 tentang Kesehatan. Jurnal Hukum to-ra: Hukum untuk Mengatur dan Melindungi Masyarakat, 10 (3) Desember 2024
Sanusi. Soesi Idayanti dan Tiyas Vika Widyastuti, Demokratisasi dalam Rangka Pembangunan Hukum Responsif, Diktum: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 8 (2) November 2020
Sara Sun Beale, The Many Faces of Overcriminalization: From Morals and Mattress Tags to Overfederalization, American University Law Review, 54, 2005
Selvi Marsela, dkk. Konsep Hukum William Ockham. Praxis: Jurnal Filsafat Terapan, 1 (2) 2024
Shidarta. Peragaan Pola Penalaran Hukum dalam Kajian Putusan Kasus Tanah Adat: Kajian Putusan Nomor 22/PDT.G/2004/PN.AB. Jurnal Yudisial: Pergulatan Nalar & Nurani, III (03) Desember 2010
_______, Penemuan Hukum Melalui Putusan Hakim, Makalah dibawakan pada Seminar Pemerkuatan Pemahaman Hak Asasi Manusia Untuk Hakim Seluruh Indonesia di Hotel Grand Angkasa, Komisi Yudisial, Medan, 2 - 5 Mei 2011
_______, Ronald Dworkin dan Pemikiran Hukumnya. Rubric of Faculty Members, Februari 2025
Sitta Saraya, Rekonstruksi Sistem Pemidanaan Terhadap Tindak Pidana Keterbukaan Informasi Publik. Program Doktor Ilmu Hukum, Unissula Semarang, Disertasi, 2022
Sri Sutatiek. Akuntabilitas Moral Hakim dalam Memeriksa, Mengadili dan Memutus Perkara agar Putusannya Berkualitas. Arena Hukum, 6 (1) April 2013
Supriyono, Criminology Study of Crime of Fencing the Stolen Goods, Jurnal Daulat Hukum, 3 (1), March 2020
Syamsuddin, Bentuk-Bentuk Perdagangan Manusia dan Masalah Psikososial Korban, Sosio Informa: Kajian Permasalahan Sosial dan Usaha Kesejahteraan Sosial, 6 (1) April 2020
Tahar Rachman, Definisi Hakim, Tugas, dan Hubungan dengan Para Penegak Hukum, Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 6 (11) 2018
Takdir Yakindo, dkk. Moralitas dan Hukum dalam Pandangan Immanuel Kant. Praxis: Jurnal Filsafat Terapan, 1 (1) Januari 2023
Books:
Amir Ilyas, Asas-asas Hukum Pidana: Memahami Tindak Pidana dan Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Sebagai Syarat Pemidanaan, Cet. I; Yogyakarta: Mahakarya Rangkang Offset, 2012
Andrei Marmor, Interpretation and Legal Theory. Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2005
Asfinawati, Erick Tanjung, Adib Muttaqin Asfar. Peta Bahaya Kriminalisasi Jurnalis Menggunakan UU ITE dan KUHP (Policy Brief Advokasi UU ITE dan KUHP), Aliansi Jurnalis Independen (AJI) Indonesia: Jakarta Pusat, Cetakan I, 2024
A.W. Munawwir, Kamus Al-Munawwir Arab-Indonesia, Pustaka Progresif, Surabaya, 1997
Bambang Sutiyoso, Metode Penemuan Hukum: Upaya Mewujudkan Hukum yang Pasti dan Berkeadilan, Yogyakarta : UII Press. Cet-4, 2015
Barda Nawawi Arief, Bunga Rampai Kebijakan Hukum Pidana, Bandung: Citra Aditya Bakti, 1996
________________, Kebijakan Legislatif dalam Penanggulangan Kejahatan dengan Pidana Penjara, Cet. Ketiga, Badan Penerbit, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, 2000
________________, Perkembangan Sistem Pemidanaan Di Indonesia, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, 2009
_________________, Kapita Selekta Hukum Pidana. Cet. III; Bandung: PT Citra Adiya Bakti, 2013
_________________, Pembangunan Sistem Hukum Nasional (Indonesia), Cetak Kedua, Pustaka Magister, Semarang, 2015
Basuki Kurniawan, Logika dan Penalaran Hukum, Bondowoso: Penerbit Licensi, Cetakan I, 2021
Bismar Siregar, Hukum Acara Pidana, Penerbitan Bina Cipta, Bandung, 1983
Douglas Husak, Overcriminalization: The Limits of the Criminal Law, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007
Eva Achjani Zulfa, Pergeseran Paradigma Pemidanaan, Bandung: Lubuk Agung, 2011
Hans Kelsen, Teori Umum Tentang Hukum dan Negara. Bandung: Penerbit Nusamedia dan Penerbit Nuansa, 2006
__________, Essey in Legal and Moral Philosophy, diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Indonesia dengan judul Hukum dan Logika oleh B. Arief Sidharta, Cetakan ke-4, Bandung: Alumni, 2011
H.D. Effendy Hasibuah, Legal Reasoning, Mata ajar Pendidikan khusus advokat, Peradi, Ikadin Bekasi, 2008
H.L.A. Hart, The Concept of Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994
Julius J. Marke, The Holmes Reader, New York: Oceana’s Docket Books, 1955
L.C.H. Hulsman, The Dutch Criminal Justice System from A Comparative Legal Perspektive dalam D.C Fokkema, Introduction to Dutch Law for Foreign Lawyers. Netherlands: Kluwer Deventer, 1978
Lief H. Carter dan Thomas F. Burke, Reason in Law, 6th ed., 2002
Lilik Mulyadi, Putusan Hakim dalam Hukum Acara Pidana: Teori, Praktik, Tehnik Penyusunan dan Permasalahannya. Citra Adtya Bakti : Bandung, 2010
Maroni. Hukum Birokrasi Peradilan Pidana. Penerbit Aura, Bandar Lampung, 2018
Michael. S. Moore, Retributism (dalam Encyclopedia of Crime and Justice : Second Edition (Editor in Chief: Joshua Dessler), Macmillan Reference, Gale Group, USA, 2002
Muhammad 'Abid al-Jabiri, Bunyah al-'Aql al-'Arabi: Dirasah Tahliliyyah Naqdiyyah li Nuzum al-Ma'rifah fi as-Saqafah al-'Arabiyyah, Beirut: Markaz Dirasat al-Wahdah al-'Arabiyyah, 1990
Muh. Zuhri, Hukum Islam dalam Lintasan Sejarah. Ed. 1. Cet. 1; Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, 1996
Muladi, & Barda Nawawi Arief, Teori dan Bunga Rampai Hukum Pidana. Bandung: Alumni. 1992
Nana Supriana dan Nehemia Indrajaya, Penalaran Logika dalam Penyusunan Konstruksi Putusan Hakim. Journal of Innovative and Creativity, 6 (1) January 2026
Nanda Agung Dewantara, Masalah Kebebasan Hakim Dalam Menangani Suatu Perkara Pidana. Jakarta :Aksara Persada Indonesia, 1987
Natangsa Surbakti, Filsafat Hukum Perkembangan Pemikiran dan Relevansinya dengan Reformasi Hukum Indonesia. Surakarta: BP FKIP UMS, 2012
Nawari Hadari, Metode Penelitian Hukum, Yogyakarta Gajah Mada University Press, 1987
N.J Coulson, A. History of Islamic Law, ttp: Edinburgh University Press, 1991
N. MacCormick, Legal Reasoning and Legal Theory. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1978
Philipus M. Hadjon, Tatiek Sri Djamiati. Argumentasi Hukum, UGM Press, Yogyakarta, 2005
Pius A. Partanto dan M. Dahlan Al- Barry, Kamus Ilmiah Populer. Surabaya: Arkola, 1994
Poerwadarminta, Kamus Umum Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta: Balai Usaha, 2007
Pusat Bahasa, Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, 4th ed., Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2012
Randy E. Barnett, et al, Assesing the Criminal Restitution and the Legal Process, Ballinger Publishing, Cambridge, III eds, 1977
Ronald Dworkin, Taking Right Seriously. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1977
Satjipto Rahardjo, Perang di balik Toga Hakim dalam buku: Membedah Hukum Progresif, Jakarta: Kompas, 2006
Sanford H. Kadish, The Crisis of Overcriminalization, American Criminal Law, 1968
Stephen F. Smith, Overcoming Overcriminalization. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 102, 2012
Soetandyo Wignjosoebroto, Dari Hukum Kolonial ke Hukum Nasional, Dinamika Sosial- Politik Perkembangan Hukum di Indonesia. PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta, 1994
Soerjono Soekanto, Pengantar Penelitian Hukum, Jakart a : UI Press, 1986
Sudikno Mertokusumo & A. Pitlo, Bab-Bab Tentang Penemuan Hukum, Citra Aditya Bakti, Jakarta, 1993
Regulation:
Criminal Procedure Code
Law Number 48 of 2009 concerning Judicial Power
The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/rlj.5.1.553-574
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Ratio Legis Journal has been indexed in:
