Effectiveness of Combat Criminal Act of Trafficking in Persons in Border Areas

Abstract

Human trafficking is a crime that threatens human dignity and poses a serious challenge in border areas, particularly in the Sebatik region, which shares a direct border with Malaysia. This study aims to analyze: (1) the implementation of anti-trafficking (TPPO) measures in the border area; (2) weaknesses in countermeasures undertaken by authorities; and (3) the effectiveness of future anti-trafficking measures. This study uses a normative juridical method supported by secondary data in the form of laws and regulations, scientific literature, and official documents related to the enforcement of the TIP by the Nunukan Police and the West Sebatik Police. The results indicate that the implementation of TIP countermeasures has been carried out through prevention, investigation, inquiry, and cross-agency coordination. However, authorities in the border area face several obstacles such as limited human resources, inadequate facilities and infrastructure, weak supervision of illegal crossings (rat routes), and suboptimal synergy with the community and relevant agencies. Empirical data shows that the Nunukan Police handled 24 cases in 2024 and 18 cases in 2025, indicating that human trafficking (TPPO) practices are still ongoing despite a statistical decline. This study concludes that the effectiveness of TIP prevention efforts is suboptimal due to various structural, substantive, and cultural factors, as outlined in Lawrence M. Friedman's legal system theory. To improve effectiveness in the future, capacity building of the West Sebatik Police, improvements to operational facilities, optimization of cross-sectoral coordination, and strengthening legal awareness among border communities are needed. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the formulation of more effective TIP prevention policies based on victim protection.