Implementation of Restorative Justice in Criminal Acts of Assault Based on Pancasila Justice Values (Case Study: Yogyakarta Regional Police)

Zahrah Alenta Puti Santosa, Denny Suwondo

Abstract


Indonesia, as a state based on the rule of law and grounded in Pancasila, places the Police as the frontline of law enforcement, including in implementing restorative justice as an alternative mechanism for resolving assault cases by prioritizing restoration over retribution. The practice of restorative justice at the Regional Police of DI Yogyakarta demonstrates its alignment with restorative justice values. The objectives of this study are to identify and analyze the implementation of restorative justice in assault crimes based on Pancasila justice values at the Regional Police of DI Yogyakarta, and to examine the obstacles and solutions in implementing restorative justice in such cases within the same institution. The research method used in this thesis is a socio-legal approach. The theories employed include the theory of Pancasila justice and the theory of legal effectiveness. The findings of this research are as follows: The implementation of restorative justice in assault cases at the Regional Police of DI Yogyakarta is already aligned with justice values and the principles of Pancasila. Through the use of police discretion reinforced by Regulation of the Chief of Police (Perkapolri) No. 8 of 2021, the settlement of assault cases at the DI Yogyakarta Regional Police is no longer solely dependent on criminal punishment, but rather focuses on restoring harm through peace agreements. The involvement of victims, offenders, religious leaders, community leaders, and internal police supervisors shows that the restorative justice process is positioned as a deliberative mechanism that respects human dignity and reflects Pancasila values. The obstacles to implementing restorative justice in assault cases at the Regional Police of DI Yogyakarta include: from the legal aspect, the absence of explicit regulation on restorative justice in the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP); from the law enforcement aspect, limited investigator capacity and a predominantly retributive mindset, coupled with layered and time-consuming administrative procedures for restorative justice, hinder the realization of the principles of quick, simple, and low-cost justice; from the facilities and infrastructure aspect, although the DI Yogyakarta Regional Police possesses relatively adequate facilities; and from the societal and cultural aspect, a mindset that glorifies imprisonment and perceives peace agreements as a form of “legal weakening” results in low acceptance of restorative justice, evidenced by only two cases resolved restoratively during the 2022-2025 period.


Keywords


Assault; Investigation; Justice; Restorative; Termination.

References


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DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.30659/rlj.4.4.%25p

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