Protection of Children as Perpetrators in Criminal Acts of Narcotics Abuse: a Case Study at the Pasuruan District Prosecutor's Office
Abstract
This study examines legal protection for children as perpetrators of drug abuse crimes at the Pasuruan District Attorney's Office. Children are viewed as a vulnerable group requiring special treatment in the criminal justice system. The study employed an empirical juridical approach with primary data through interviews and secondary data from laws and regulations and academic literature. The results indicate that legal protection is provided through diversion and rehabilitation, particularly for cases with little evidence. The main obstacles include limited legal norms (a criminal sentence of more than seven years limits diversion), a lack of rehabilitation facilities, and a repressive paradigm of the authorities. The solutions adopted are inter-institutional coordination, the implementation of restorative justice, and strengthening the role of the community. Going forward, regulatory reforms, increased capacity of officials, and child rehabilitation facilities are needed so that legal protection is more preventive, rehabilitative, and restorative in accordance with the principle of the best interest of the child.
Keywords
References
Journals:
Afriansyah, Arie. “Perlindungan Anak Dalam Perspektif Hukum Pidana Dan Keadilan Restoratif.” Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure 20, no. 2 (2020).
Amalia, Bagus Prasetyo & Riska. “Implementasi Diversi Terhadap Anak Dalam Tindak Pidana Narkotika Di Indonesia.” Urnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum 27, no. 2 (2020).
Bartels, Lorana. “Courts and Diversion in Australia: Therapeutic Jurisprudence in Practice.” Australian Journal of Criminal Law 39, no. 1 (2015).
Hadijaya. “Evaluasi Diversi Sebagai Upaya Perlindungan Anak Dalam Kasus Narkotika.” Jurnal Hukum Responsif 6, no. 2 (2021).
Lukman, Gilza Azzahra, Anisa Putri Alifah, Almira Divarianti, and Sahadi Humaedi. “Kasus Narkoba Di Indonesia Dan Upaya Pencegahannya Di Kalangan Remaja.” Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (JPPM) 2, no. 3 (2022): 405. https://doi.org/10.24198/jppm.v2i3.36796.
Marhayani Cik, Rindiani Anis, Hadi Sukrisno Wijayono, Thamrin Husni, and Immaudin M. “Analisa Yuridis Tentang Definisi Anak Dalam Hukum Positif Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Legalitas 2, no. 02 (2024): 1. https://ojsstihpertiba.ac.id/index.php/jle/article/view/122.
Maskur, M.A. “Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak Nakal Dalam Proses Acara Pidana Indonesia.” Pandecta: Research Law Journal 7, no. 2 (2012).
Muladi dan Barda Nawawi Arief. Teori-Teori Dan Kebijakan Pidana. Bandung: Alumni, 2010.
Radbruch, Gustav. Rechtsphilosophie. Leipzig: Quelle & Meyer, 1932.
Stevens, Alex. “Harm Reduction, Drug Use and Health: An International Comparative Perspective.” International Jurnal of Drug Policy 25, no. 2 (2014).
Subeno, Hari. “Tindak Pidana Pemerasan Dengan Ancaman Yang Dilakukan Oleh Anak Di Bawah Umur.” Jurnal Ilmu Hukum “THE JURIS” 3, no. 1 (2019).
Wulandari, Sri. “Diversi Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak: Antara Normatif Dan Implementatif.” Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan 50, no. 1 (2020).
Books:
K, Adi. Diversi Tindak Pidana Narkotika Anak. Malang: Setara Press, 2014.
Marlina. Peradilan Pidana Anak Di Indonesia: Pengembangan Konsep Diversi Dan Restorative Justice. Bandung: Refika Aditama, 2009.
Marzuki, Suparman. Disparitas Putusan Hakim: Identifikasi Dan Implikasi. Yogyakarta: Komisi Yudisia, 2014.
Syamsuddin, Aziz. Tindak Pidana Khusus. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2014.
UNICEF. The Best Interests of the Child in Juvenile Justice. New York: UNICEF, 2018.
Regulation:
The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia.
Criminal Code (KUHP).
Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code (new Criminal Code).
Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics.
Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System (SPPA).
Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection as amended by Law Number 35 of 2014.
Regulation of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia Number 4 of 2014 concerning Guidelines for the Implementation of Diversion in the Juvenile Criminal Justice System.
Internet:
BNN Public Relations. “BNN RI and KPAI Seek Solutions to Address Drug Abuse Among Youth.” National Narcotics Agency of the Republic of Indonesia, 2021. https://bnn.go.id/bersama-kpai-bnn-cari-solusi-tangani-penyalahgunaan-narkoba/.
Interview:
Results of Interview with Functional Prosecutor of Pasuruan District Attorney's Office on October 1, 2025.
Results of Interviews with Members of the Correctional Center (Bapas) and the Social Services on October 1, 2025.
Results of Interviews with Members of the Pasuruan Regency Social Service on October 1, 2025.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.30659/rlj.4.4.%25p
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Ratio Legis Journal has been indexed in:
