Effectiveness of Forensic Autopsy As Evidence in Murder Crimes

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of forensic autopsies as evidence in the criminal justice process for murder, using an empirical study at Bhayangkara Hospital in Semarang City. The study used an empirical juridical approach with descriptive-analytical specifications. Primary data were obtained through in-depth interviews with forensic doctors and police investigators as well as direct observation, while secondary data included relevant laws and regulations and literature. Data analysis was conducted qualitatively. Based on the study, it was concluded that the implementation of forensic autopsies was in accordance with Articles 133 and 134 of the Criminal Procedure Code, starting from the official request of the investigator, notification to the family, to the production of the Visum et Repertum. The effectiveness of forensic autopsies as evidence was considered very high, contributing significantly to revealing the cause of death (as many as 80-85% of cases), determining the mode of crime, and strengthening the judge's conviction. Its success was supported by the competence of forensic doctors, inter-agency coordination, and the quality of documentation. However, this effectiveness was hampered by cultural resistance factors from the victim's family, limited advanced laboratory facilities, and a less than ideal number of forensic human resources. This study recommends increased investment in infrastructure, a massive public education program, and continuous strengthening of forensic medical human resources capacity.