Social Media Ethics from The View of Maqasid Al-Shariah: Modern Ijtihad in Dealing with the Hoax Phenomenon and Hate Speech

Abstract

The development of digital technology has fundamentally changed people's communication patterns. Social media facilitates the rapid and massive dissemination of information, but also poses serious challenges in the form of hoaxes and hate speech. This phenomenon raises ethical, social, and even legal issues. This article aims to analyze the principles of maqasid al-syariah as the basis for media ethics in the modern context, as well as its integration with Indonesian positive law. This research uses a normative legal method with a conceptual and legislative approach, examining maqasid values such as preserving religion (hifz ad-din), life (hifz an-nafs), intellect (hifz al-'aql), descendants (hifz an-nasl), and property (hifz al-mal). The results show that the application of maqasid al-syariah can strengthen the moral and spiritual dimensions in the use of social media, complementing formal and repressive positive law. This integration encourages the formation of media ethics that are preventive, educational, and beneficial.