Keadilan Spasial Dalam Mendukung Ketimpangan Sosial: Studi Kasus Kabupaten Bogor

lintang rahmayana, Khoirina Fajriani

Abstract


ABSTRACT

Bogor Regency is characterized by diverse patterns of regional development across its different areas. In the western part of Bogor, the proportion of built-up land is the lowest, yet the poverty rate is the highest compared to other parts of the regency. Conversely, Eastern Bogor has the largest share of built-up land and records the lowest poverty rate. Based on this phenomenon, the present study aims to analyze the relationship between built-up land and poverty levels, as well as to assess its implications within the framework of spatial justice. This research employs a quantitative approach using Spearman’s correlation analysis and spatial analysis with ArcGIS, drawing on secondary data from 40 districts in Bogor Regency in 2022. Compared to previous studies on spatial justice, this study is among the first to explicitly examine the relationship between spatial justice and social inequality in the context of differing regional growth characteristics, particularly between Western and Eastern Bogor. The findings reveal a significant negative relationship between built-up land and poverty levels, although the correlation strength is moderate. In addition, built-up land is found to be positively and significantly correlated with total population and the availability of public facilities, while its relationship with population density is not statistically significant. These results reinforce the importance of spatial justice, particularly distributive and procedural justice in promoting more balanced development. The planned administrative division of Bogor Regency must therefore consider the spatial justice dimension to avoid exacerbating existing disparities. Accordingly, data-driven and participatory spatial planning is expected to serve as an instrument to foster more equitable and inclusive development.

Keywords: spatial justice, built-up land, poverty alleviation, regional disparity, GIS analysis, Bogor Regency

 

ABSTRAK

Kabupaten Bogor merupakan daerah yang memiliki karakteristik perkembangan daerah yang berdagam tiap segmen daerahnya. Terlihat bahwa daerah Bogor bagian barat memiliki jumlah lahan terbangun paling rendah namun memiliki tingkat kemiskinan tertinggi dibandingkan daerah bagian lainnya. Kondisi ini terjadi pula pada bagian Bogor Timur memiliki jumlah lahan terbangun terbanyak dengan tingkat kemiskinan terendah. Berdasarkan fenomena tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara luas lahan terbangun dan tingkat kemiskinan, serta menilai implikasinya dalam kerangka keadilan spasial. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan analisis korelasi Spearman dan analisis spasial berbasis perangkat lunak ArcGIS, penelitian ini memanfaatkan data sekunder dari 40 kecamatan di Kabupaten Bogor tahun 2022. Jika dibandingkan studi keadilan spasial sebelumnya, penelitian ini merupakan salah satu studi yang secara eksplisit mengkaji hubungan antara keadilan spasial dan ketimpangan sosial dalam konteks perbedaan karakteristik pertumbuhan wilayah, khususnya antara Bogor Barat dan Bogor Timur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara lahan terbangun dan tingkat kemiskinan, meskipun kekuatan korelasinya tergolong sedang. Selain itu, lahan terbangun juga berkorelasi positif dan signifikan dengan jumlah penduduk dan ketersediaan fasilitas publik, sementara hubungan dengan kepadatan penduduk tidak signifikan secara statistik. Temuan ini mempertegas pentingnya prinsip keadilan spasial, khususnya keadilan distributif dan prosedural, dalam upaya pemerataan pembangunan. Pemekaran wilayah Kabupaten Bogor yang direncanakan harus mempertimbangkan dimensi keadilan spasial agar tidak memperparah ketimpangan yang telah ada. Dengan demikian, tata ruang yang berbasis data dan partisipatif diharapkan mampu menjadi instrumen untuk mendorong pembangunan yang lebih adil dan inklusif.

Kata kunci: keadilan spasial, lahan terbangun, pengentasan kemiskinan, ketimpangan wilayah, analisis SIG, Kabupaten Bogor


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jkr.v5i2.47107

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