Legal Analysis of the Use of Sealed Land as Collateral by Legal Entities in Balikpapan City

Devinda Dwi Rahmadani Anggraini

Abstract


This research is motivated by the widespread practice of using "sealed land" as collateral for bank loans by legal entities in Balikpapan City, which has the potential to trigger legal vulnerabilities. Based on Law Number 4 of 1996 concerning Mortgage Rights (UUHT), objects that can be burdened with Mortgage Rights are only officially registered land rights, including Ownership Rights, Cultivation Rights, Building Rights, and Use Rights. This research aims to analyze the legal validity and legal implications of the use of sealed land as collateral by legal entities. The approach method used is a juridical-sociological approach with an empirical legal research type. Primary data was obtained directly from primary sources in the field, which were synthesized with primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials through qualitative analysis techniques to test the conformity between statutory norms and legal practices in the field.The results of the study indicate that sealed land in Balikpapan City does not constitute land rights but merely an indication of physical control, which must be accompanied by a State Land Opening Permit (IMTN) based on Regional Regulation Number 1 of 2014 before being certified. Reviewed from Law Number 4 of 1996 (UUHT), sealed land absolutely does not meet the material requirements as an object of Mortgage Rights. Based on interviews with Bankaltimtara Balikpapan Branch, banks reject sealed land as primary collateral due to high legal risks. The legal implication of using sealed land as collateral is the loss of executorial power and the degrading of the bank's status to a concurrent creditor in the event of default. Legal entities are required to upgrade the status of sealed land to a land title certificate first in order to fulfill the principle of prudence and ensure legal certainty.


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References


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Interview with the Balikpapan City Land Office, East Kalimantan Province on May 18, 2026.


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