Reconstruction of Policies for Combating the Criminal Act of Human Trafficking in The Digital Era Through a Collaborative Criminal Justice System Approach

Abstract

Human Trafficking is a form of transnational organized crime that continues to grow along with advances in digital technology and increased human mobility. Although Indonesia has Law Number 21 of 2007 concerning the Eradication of the Crime of Human Trafficking and has ratified the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children (Palermo Protocol), the effectiveness of policy implementation still faces various challenges, including weak inter-agency coordination, the lack of integration of national information systems, limited victim identification, and the complexity of proving crimes that utilize digital technology. This study aims to analyze the implementation of human trafficking prevention policies in Indonesia, identify obstacles to law enforcement, and formulate a policy reconstruction model through the Collaborative Criminal Justice System approach. The research uses normative legal methods with legislative, conceptual, and comparative approaches, supported by a literature review of laws and regulations, scientific literature, and the Trafficking in Persons Report 2025 and the International Organization for Migration (IOM) Guidelines for Handling Human Trafficking Crimes. The results of the study indicate that the main challenge in eradicating human trafficking does not lie in the lack of regulations, but rather in the aspects of policy implementation and law enforcement governance. This study offers a policy reconstruction model that emphasizes strengthening inter-institutional coordination, developing an integrated national information system, optimizing the use of digital technology in an accountable manner, implementing a follow-the-money approach, and strengthening victim protection through a victim-centered approach. This model is expected to increase the effectiveness of human trafficking prevention in Indonesia in a more integrated, adaptive, and sustainable manner. Reconstruction of Policies for Combating... (Winarso) The copyright of this document is owned by Faculty of Law UNISSULA and is protected by the law ║ 1311 FACULTY OF LAW PROCEEDING OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE LAW DEVELOPMENT FOR PUBLIC WELFARE ISSN: 2798-9313 LICS 2026 Topic: Strengthening Legal Frameworks for Combating Human Trafficking and Enhancing Protection of Women and Children