Legal Protection of Intellectual Property Rights over Artificial Intelligence–Generated Outputs

Abstract

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has fundamentally transformed the process of creation and innovation, giving rise to products generated autonomously or semi-autonomously by intelligent systems. This technological advancement poses complex legal challenges, particularly concerning the protection of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR). Traditional IPR regimes are primarily designed to protect human creativity and inventorship, thereby creating normative gaps when applied to AI-generated products. This study examines the legal protection of intellectual property rights over artificial intelligence–generated outputs by analyzing existing copyright, patent, and related rights frameworks. Using a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches, this research explores the extent to which current legal systems can accommodate AI-generated works and identifies key issues related to authorship, ownership, originality, and liability. The study further compares national legal regulations with international instruments and selected foreign jurisdictions to assess emerging legal models for AI-related intellectual property protection. The findings indicate that current IPR laws remain anthropocentric and insufficient to fully address AI-generated products, necessitating legal reconstruction through adaptive regulatory frameworks, clarification of the legal status of AI outputs, and the strengthening of human accountability in AI-assisted creations. This research contributes to the development of a balanced and future-oriented intellectual property regime that ensures legal certainty, innovation incentives, and fair protection in the era of artificial intelligence.