Strengthening Indonesian Legal Regulations for the Integration of Online Dispute Resolution in Dispute Resolution of Cross-Border Electronic Transactions

Abstract

The rapid development of cross-border electronic transactions in the digital era poses major challenges in legal aspects and dispute resolution due to differences in jurisdiction. The Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) mechanism emerged as an innovative solution to overcome this complexity by utilizing effective and efficient digital technology. This study uses a normative juridical methodology with a comparative approach that analyzes Indonesian legal regulations related to the dispute resolution of cross-border electronic transactions and compares them with international practices. Data was collected through the study of key laws such as the ITE Law, the Consumer Protection Law, as well as implementing regulations and UNCITRAL international legal documents. The results of the study show that current Indonesian regulations do not fully accommodate cross-border ODR, there are legal loopholes and ambiguities related to jurisdiction, recognition of ODR decisions, and personal data protection. The international practices of the European Union and Singapore are important references for strengthening regulations that are adaptive and harmonious with global standards. The research proposes strengthening national regulations through harmonization, revision of laws, and the integration of technologies such as AI and blockchain to support credible and reliable ODR. Inter-institutional cooperation and public education are also an important focus in the implementation of ODR in Indonesia. In conclusion, strengthening comprehensive and adaptive legal regulations is the main key in supporting effective, fair cross-border electronic dispute resolution and increasing the competitiveness of the national digital economy in the era of globalization.