Legal Responsibilities of Notaries in the Era of Artificial Intelligence in Preventing Fraudulent Property Transactions
Abstract
The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has had a significant impact on various sectors, including notarial services, particularly in preventing fraud in property transactions. However, the emergence of this technology raises questions about the changing paradigm of notaries' legal responsibilities as public officials. This study aims to analyze the impact of AI implementation on the role and legal responsibilities of notaries, identify regulatory challenges, and formulate policy recommendations to maintain legal protection and the integrity of the notarial system in the digital era. The research approach is normative, using secondary literature analysis in the form of laws and regulations, court decisions, and other relevant literature. Qualitative methods using prescriptive, comparative, and evaluative approaches were used to examine legal norms and their application. The findings indicate that while AI supports efficiency and fraud detection, legal interpretation and responsibility remain with notaries. Regulations need to be revised to ensure the use of AI is strictly and ethically regulated. The integration of AI does not diminish the responsibilities of notaries, and regulatory updates and increased human resource capacity are needed to address technological challenges while maintaining legal certainty and justice.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Journals:
Amboro, F. L., and Khusuf Komarhana. “Prospek kecerdasan buatan sebagai subjek hukum perdata di Indonesia.” Law Review 21, no. 2 (2021): 145-172.
Berring, R., & Cho, J. “Artificial intelligence and the legal profession: Balancing efficiency with ethics.” Journal of Legal Technology Studies 8, no. 2 (2020): 112–127.
Cheref, Chahinez. “The delicate balance between artificial intelligence efficiency and legal principles in administrative decision-making.” Revue Algérienne des Sciences Juridiques et Politiques 61, no. 2 (2024): 333-346.
Destaliya, Adela, and Mohamad Fajri Mekka Putra. “Tinjauan Yuridis Atas Kewajiban Notaris Dalam Membacakan Akta Notaris Dan Implikasi Hukumnya (Studi Putusan Mahkamah Agung No. 351 Pk/Pdt/2018).” The Juris 6, no. 1 (2022): 70-79.
Ferryanto, Justitia, Winsherly Tan, and Lu Sudirman. “Potensi dan Tantangan Hukum Digitalisasi Layanan Kenotariatan: Analisis Komparatif Indonesia dan Amerika Serikat.” Jurnal Mediasas: Media Ilmu Syari'ah dan Ahwal Al-Syakhsiyyah 7, no. 2 (2024): 306-326.
Kurniawan, Faizal, Prawitra Thalib, M. Hadi Subhan, Bart Jansen, and Zuhairah Ariff Binti Abd Ghadas. "Justice as a Meta Value of Corrective Justice in Providing Restitution for Unjust Enrichment: A Study on Rules, Norms, Principles, and Foundation." Jurnal Hukum 39, no. 2 (2023): 192-211.
Kurniawijaya, Aditya, Alya Yudityastri, and Ayuta Puspa Citra Zuama. “Pendayagunaan artificial intelligence dalam perancangan kontrak serta dampaknya bagi sektor hukum di Indonesia.” Khatulistiwa Law Review 2, no. 1 (2021): 260-279.
Masithoh, Mutia Qori Dewi, Hary Abdul Hakim, Chrisna Bagus Edhita Praja, and Bambang Tjatur Iswanto. “AI in Law: How Artificial Intelligence Is Transforming the Legal Profession in Indonesia.” Justitia Jurnal Hukum 7, no. 2 (2023): 313-334.
Melati, Putri. “Pengembangan Aplikasi Digital Berbasis Artificial Intelligence Guna Efisiensi Pembuatan Akta Notaris.” Jurnal Hukum Caraka Justitia 5, no. 1 (2025): 136-148.
Murdayantin, Feny Ulfina, Amelia Agustin, and Dita Pebrianti. “Moral dan Etika Notaris di Era Society 5.0: Kajian Fungsi Artificial Intelligence Terhadap Profesi Notaris.” Das Sollen: Jurnal Kajian Kontemporer Hukum Dan Masyarakat 1, no. 02 (2023).
Nurfadillah, Ahmad Rizki. “Sanksi Tindak Pidana Pemalsuan Akta Otentik Perspektif Hukum Pidana Islam.” Jurnal Al-Jina'i Al-Islami 2, no. 1 (2024): 81-92.
Nurzaman, Jajang, and Dwi Fidhayanti. “Keabsahan Kontrak Yang Dibuat Oleh Artificial Intelligence Menurut Hukum Positif Di Indonesia.” Al'Adl 16, no. 1 (2024): 140-160.
Prasetyawati, Betty Ivana, and Paramita Prananingtyas. “Peran kode etik notaris dalam membangun integritas notaris di era 4.0.” Notarius 15, no. 1 (2022): 310-323.
Putra, Eduard Awang Maha, Lalu Aria Nata Kusuma, and Muhammad Khairi Muslimin. “Posibilitas Kehadiran Artificial Intelligence (AI) Sebagai Pengganti Profesi Notaris di Era Digital.” Jurnal Rechts Vinding: Media Pembinaan Hukum Nasional 13, no. 2 (2024): 433-453.
Rafie, Muhammad Abdussalam, and Willson Chandra Happier. “Sejarah Perkembangan Hukum Agraria di Indonesia Sebelum Dibentuknya Undang-Undang No. 5 Tahun 1960 Tentang Peraturan Dasar Pokok-Pokok Agraria (UUPA) Dan Dampaknya Bagi Keadilan di Masyarakat.” Journal Sains Student Research 2, no. 5 (2024): 340-350.
Raihani, Novi, and Nuri Hidayati. “Tanggung Jawab Notaris Dalam Akta Otentik Yang Cacat Hukum.” Jurnal Lawnesia (Jurnal Hukum Negara Indonesia) 3, no. 2 (2024): 519-535.
Rifki, Moh, Septiano Anggun Pratama, Mohammad Yazdi Pusadan, Syahrullah Syahrullah, and Chairunnisa Ar Lamasitudju. “Perancangan Architecture Enterprise Dengan Artificial Intelligence Dalam Pelayanan Penerbitan Tanda Tangan Elektronik Diskominfo Kota Palu Menggunakan Togaf Adm.” JIPI (Jurnal Ilmiah Penelitian dan Pembelajaran Informatika) 10, no. 2 (2025): 996-1009.
Rostarum, Triamy. “Prinsip Kehati-Hatian Notaris di Era Digital: Implementasi dalam mewujudkan Akta yang Sempurna.” Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi 24, no. 3 (2024): 2302-2307.
Sari, Ratih Mega Puspa, and Sivani Ardi Apritania. "The form of resolution of juvenile delinquency in Indonesia." Jurnal Hukum 40, no. 1: 118-128.
Seroja, Triana Dewi. “Technological Advancement in the Society 5.0 Era for Notary in Indonesia: Glory or Obsolete?.” Legal Brief 11, no. 3 (2022): 1589-1597.
Setyawan, Angelina Regita Kerin, Moh Ali, and Nuzulia Kumala Sari. “Penerapan Artificial Intellegence (AI) Dalam Perkembangan Cyber Notary di Era Transformasi Digital.” Acten Journal Law Review 2, no. 2 (2025): 151-168.
Sulistyo, Hery, and Lindu Ardjayeng. “Tinjauan yuridis tentang perjudian online ditinjau dari undang-undang no 11 tahun 2008 tentang informasi dan transaksi elektronik.” Dinamika Hukum & Masyarakat 1, no. 2 (2020): 22-36.
Sukandar, Dimas Aldriansyah, Edy Tarsono, and Zulpadli Barus. “Perlindungan dan Pertanggungjawaban Hukum Bagi Notaris dan Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah Terhadap Keterangan Palsu Para Pihak Dalam Akta (466/PID. B/2023/PN. JKT. SEL).” Jurnal Ilmiah Global Education 6, no. 2 (2025): 871-888.
Suryani, Indrika Dwi Rahma, Elia Kurniawati, Gracia Angelina Nawang Wulan, and Hikmah Cahya Dinniah. “Konseptualisasi Peran Teknologi Informasi dalam Praktik Audit untuk Membantu Pengungkapan Fraud di Indonesia.” El Muhasaba: Jurnal Akuntansi (e-Journal) 12, no. 2 (2021): 138-156.
Talita, Dista Vennesya Mirna, and Edith Ratna. “Peran Notaris Sebagai Pejabat Umum Dalam Era Revolusi Industri 4.0.” Notarius 16, no. 2 (2023): 870-881.
Taliwongso, Candella Angela Anatea. "Kedudukan Akta Otentik Sebagai Alat Bukti Dalam Persidangan Perdata Di Tinjau Dari Pasal 1870 KUH Perdata (Studi Kasus Putusan Nomor 347/Pdt. G/2012/PN. Mdn)." Lex Administratum 10, no. 2 (2022).
Tuwaidan, Rossel Ezra Johannes. “Kewenangan notaris menurut undang-undang nomor 2 tahun 2014 tentang perubahan atas undang-undang nomor 30 tahun 2004 tentang jabatan notaris.” Lex Privatum 6, no. 6 (2018).
Velez. A. “Artificial intelligence and human judgment in legal decision-making: A normative critique.” Legal Futures Journal, 11, no.3 (2020): 203–221.
Wibowo, Wahyu Satya, Johni Najwan, and Firdaus Abu Bakar. “Integritas Notaris Sebagai Pejabat Pembuat Akta Autentik dalam Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris.” Recital Review 4, no. 2 (2022): 323-352.
Yustica, Anugrah, Ngadino Ngadino, and Novira Maharani Sukma. “Peran etika profesi notaris sebagai upaya penegakan hukum.” Notarius 13, no. 1 (2020): 60-71.
Zikri, Muhammad Afdal, Muhammad Indra Gazali, and Riski Dwi Nugraha. “Tantangan Dan Peluang Profesi Notaris Diera Digital.” Indonesian Journal of Islamic Jurisprudence, Economic and Legal Theory 3, no. 2 (2025): 2040-2046.
Books:
Djumialdji. Tanggung jawab hukum notaris dalam pembuatan akta otentik terkait transaksi properti di era digital. Jakarta: CV Lintas Hukum (2019): 34-76.
HS, H. Salim, and MS SH. Uji Kompetensi Profesi Notaris: Soal jawab Ujian Pengangkatan Notaris & Uji kode Etik Notaris. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2022.
Idris, Muhammad. Integrasi teknologi dalam jabatan notaris: Tantangan regulasi dan perlindungan hukum. Yogyakarta: Genta Hukum Press (2021): 23-46.
Saputra, Asbudi Dwi, and M. Kn SH. Praktik Kenotariatan Notaris dan AI. Bandung: CV Rey Media Grafika, 2025.
Websites:
Merdeka.com. “Awas, penipuan properti makin canggih, sudah pakai teknologi. Merdeka.com October 20, 2023.” Retrieved in July 20, 2025 from https://www.merdeka.com/teknologi/awas-penipuan-properti-makin-canggih-sudah-pakai-teknologi-223464-mvk.html?page=2
Dissertation:
Fahri, Muhammad. “Penggunaan Sistem Artificial Intelligence Sebagai Perwujudan Prinsip Kehati-Hatian Notaris Dalam Pembuatan Akta.” PhD diss., Universitas Brawijaya, 2019.
Nastasia, Irawati. “Analisis Yuridis atas Kedudukan Hukum dan Peran Artificial Intelligence (AI) dalam Sistem Hukum Acara Perdata Indonesia.” PhD diss., Universitas Kristen Indonesia, 2024.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/jph.v12i2.47041
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum Indexed by :
 | Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum | |
| Faculty of Law, Unissula | Copyright of Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum | |
| Jalan Kaligawe Raya KM.4, Terboyo Kulon, Genuk, | ISSN 2580-3085 (Online) ISSN 2355-0481 (Print) | |
| Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia, 50112 | JPH is licensed under a |