Criminal Law in the Digital Age: Challenges of Law Enforcement Against Cyber and Crypto Crime in Indonesia

Abstract

The rapid development of information and communication technology in the digital era has a major impact on people's social and economic lives. Many human activities are now shifting to virtual spaces, including online transactions and the use of cryptocurrencies. However, behind this progress, there are major challenges in criminal law enforcement against cybercrime and crypto-related crimes. These crimes have different characteristics than conventional crimes, so existing regulations are not effective enough in addressing this problem. This study uses a juridical-normative and empirical approach to examine the gap between the prevailing criminal law regulations and the development of digital crime. Data was obtained through interviews with law enforcement officials and legal practitioners as well as analysis of existing laws and regulations. The results of the study show that there is a legal vacuum related to cybercrime and crypto, as well as the limitations of law enforcement officials in terms of technological knowledge and digital forensic facilities. In addition, complex international jurisdictional issues have exacerbated law enforcement against transnational crimes. In conclusion, criminal law reform is needed that includes regulatory reforms, capacity building of law enforcement officials, and strengthening international cooperation. With these steps, Indonesia's criminal law system is expected to be more responsive and adaptive to the challenges of digital crime in this modern era.