Antibacterial Activity of Solid Soap – Based Parijoto (Medinilla speciosa Blume) Fruit Extract Against Propionibacterium acnes

Greisa Rambu Mosa Sabatudung, Rissa Laila Vifta, Nadia Miftahul Jannah, Anasthasia Pujiastuti, Nisrina Nur Afifah, Windi Susmayanti

Abstract


The prevalence of acne caused by Propionibacterium acnes is quite high. Parijoto fruit (Medinilla speciosa Blume) contains flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, all of which have antibacterial properties, making it a promising candidate for developing antibacterial solid soap. This study aimed to analyze the antibacterial activity and assess the physical stability of solid soap made from Parijoto fruit extract. The experiment used the disc diffusion method to test against Propionibacterium acnes, with five treatment groups. The positive control was JF Sulfur soap, the negative control was a soap base, formula I (0.5%), formula II (1%), and formula III (1.5%). The presence of an inhibition zone around the disc indicated antibacterial activity. The physical stability of the solid soap made from Parijoto fruit extract was evaluated through organoleptic testing, homogeneity, pH, moisture content, and foam height. The stability test showed that the soap's physical properties remained consistent after 5 cycles of testing. Regarding the antibacterial activity, the negative control exhibited no antibacterial effect, whereas strong antibacterial activity was observed at concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%. The inhibition zone diameters for Formula I, Formula II, and Formula III were 10.18 mm, 15.08 mm, and 15.85 mm, respectively. All formulas showed strong antibacterial activity, with Formula III having a significantly larger inhibition zone than the positive control. In conclusion, Parijoto extract soap demonstrated good physical stability and strong antibacterial effects against Propionibacterium acnes.

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