Legal Protection for Creditors for Guaranteed Objects that Become the Object of Civil Disputes

Muhammad Yardan Bayhaqi

Abstract


Banking credit is generally accompanied by material collateral, especially land mortgages, as an instrument to secure the repayment of creditors' receivables. However, in practice, legally bound collateral objects often become the object of civil disputes due to third-party ownership claims, certificate cancellation lawsuits, or inheritance disputes, while the Mortgage Law has not explicitly regulated the position of creditors in such conditions, resulting in a normative vacuum that is detrimental to creditors with good intentions. This study aims to analyze the form of legal protection for creditors holding material collateral when their collateral objects become the subject of civil disputes, as well as the legal consequences for creditors' rights if a court decision states that the collateral object has transferred ownership to another party. This study uses a normative juridical method with a statutory and conceptual approach. The data sources used are secondary data in the form of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, collected through document studies or library materials, then analyzed qualitatively using a deductive method to formulate legal principles that answer the research problem. The results of the study indicate that the legal standing of creditors holding mortgage rights is basically strong through the principles of parate execution, droit de préférence, and droit de suite, but is conditional because it depends on the procedural validity of the deed granting mortgage rights and the principle of nemo plus juris. The normative vacuum in the UUHT is answered through the construction of "Legal Protection for Creditors with Registered Good Faith Criteria" so as to provide legitimacy for creditors with good faith. Legal protection is available preventively through banking prudence and legal due diligence, as well as repressively through judicial intervention, derden verzet, default lawsuits, and alternative dispute resolution, the effectiveness of which is determined by the strength of evidence of the validity of the mortgage rights and the good faith of the creditor.


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References


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Interview:

Ahmad Yasin, High Judge at the West Nusa Tenggara High Court, Interview by the author on July 28, 2026.

Fransiskus Arkadeus Ruwe, High Judge at the Makassar High Court, Interview by the author on August 4, 2026.


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