Adverse effects of short-term regimens in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients with treatment failure in Central Java, Indonesia

Authors

  • Muhamad Zakki Saefurrohim Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Mulawarman, Indonesia
  • Intan Henda Ardiani Master Program in Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto, Indonesia
  • Alma Feriyanti Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia
  • Intan Zainafree Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia
  • Fildza Huwaina Fathnin Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung, Semarang, Indonesia
Published 2026-06-01 — Updated on 2026-10-20
Issue Vol. 17 No. 1 (2026): June 2026
Section Original Research Articles
Versions
DOI: https://doi.org/10.30659/sainsmed.v17i1.45038
Keywords: Adverse effects, Short-term regimens, Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, Treatment failure

Abstract

Recent evidence shows high rates of treatment failure among multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients on short-course regimens. This clinic-based case–control study used Tuberculosis Information System (SITB) data from Central Java, Indonesia (2021–2023) to examine associations between employment status, HIV status, baseline sputum examination, and body mass index (BMI) with specific categories of treatment failure (treatment failure, diagnostic change, regimen modification, loss to follow-up, and death). Overall treatment failure was 70.59%, including 15.3% deaths. Employment status was significantly associated with failure category (p=0.022), with unemployed patients disproportionately experiencing loss to follow-up (82.5%) and death (59.6%). HIV-reactive patients were more likely to undergo regimen modification (p=0.009; 1.8%). Baseline sputum results showed the strongest association (p<0.001): negative sputum was linked to diagnostic change (49.1%) and unknown sputum status to loss to follow-up (66.7%). Low BMI (<18.5 kg/m2) was also associated with failure category (p=0.037), particularly loss to follow-up (75.4%) and death (33.3%). These findings implicate socioeconomic vulnerability, HIV co-infection, absent or negative baseline sputum results, and undernutrition as important determinants of distinct short-course MDR-TB treatment failures and support integrated, patient-centred interventions to improve outcomes.

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© 2026 Author(s). Published by Sains Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Saefurrohim, M. Z., Ardiani, I. H., Feriyanti, A., Zainafree, I., & Fathnin, F. H. (2026). Adverse effects of short-term regimens in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients with treatment failure in Central Java, Indonesia. Sains Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran Dan Kesehatan, 17(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.30659/sainsmed.v17i1.45038 (Original work published 2026)

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