Universitas Mulawarman - Indonesia
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Side Effects Associated with Short-Term Treatment Regimens among MDR TB Patients with Treatment Failure: A Clinic-Based Case-Control Study in Central Java, Indonesia
Prevalensi kegagalan pengobatan TB MDR regimen jangka pendek di RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar Malang mencapai 70,59% dengan 15,3% diantaranya meninggal dunia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara status pekerjaan, status HIV, hasil pemeriksaan sputum awal, dan indeks massa tubuh (IMT) terhadap berbagai kategori kegagalan pengobatan TB MDR yaitu gagal, perubahan diagnosis, perubahan regimen, putus berobat, dan kematian. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus-kontrol berbasis klinik yang dilakukan di fasilitas pengobatan TB MDR di Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Data diperoleh dari Sistem Informasi Tuberkulosis (SITB) pada pasien TB MDR yang menjalani terapi antara tahun 2021 hingga 2023. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan uji korelasi Gamma dan uji Kruskal-Wallis. Status pekerjaan menunjukkan hubungan signifikan dengan kegagalan pengobatan (p=0,022), Hal ini terlihat bahwa pasien yang tidak bekerja lebih banyak mengalami putus berobat (82,5%) dan kematian (59,6%). Status HIV juga berpengaruh signifikan (p=0,009), dengan pasien HIV reaktif lebih sering mengalami perubahan regimen (1,8%). Hasil pemeriksaan sputum awal memiliki hubungan paling signifikan (p=0,000), di mana pasien dengan sputum negatif lebih sering mengalami perubahan diagnosis (49,1%) dan pasien dengan hasil sputum tidak diketahui lebih sering mengalami putus berobat (66,7%). IMT rendah (<18,5 kg/m²) juga berkorelasi dengan kegagalan pengobatan (p=0,037), dengan proporsi putus berobat tertinggi (75,4%) dan kematian (33,3%) dibandingkan kelompok IMT lainnya. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah faktor sosial-ekonomi, status HIV, hasil pemeriksaan sputum awal, dan status gizi memiliki memiliki hubungan dengan berbagai kategori kegagalan pengobatan TB MDR jangka pendek terutama pada angka putus berobat dan kematian.
Keywords: Side Effects; Short-Term Treatment Regimens; MDR TB Patients; Treatment Failure
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