Legal Analysis of Criminal Punishment of The Criminal Act of Assault Based on The National Criminal Code (Law Number 1 of 2023) from a Justice Perspective

Azhar Ghazi Saepuloh

Abstract


Thisstudy aims to analyze the implementation, issues, and challenges in the application of sentencing for assault offenses under the Indonesian Criminal Code (Law Number 1 of 2023) from a justice perspective. The reform of the National Criminal Code reflects a paradigm shift in sentencing from a retributive approach toward a more integrative one, accommodating victim protection, offender rehabilitation, and the restoration of social balance. This indicates that the modern criminal justice system in Indonesia increasingly emphasizes substantive justice as a primary objective in law enforcement. The research employs a normative juridical approach supported by conceptual and statutory approaches. Data were obtained through library research and analyzed qualitatively. The findings reveal that the regulation of sentencing for assault offenses in the National Criminal Code has been systematically structured based on the principles of legality, culpability, and proportionality. However, in practice, several issues persist, including broad interpretative space in determining the classification of injuries, difficulties in proving elements of fault, and the potential for sentencing disparities. Furthermore, the application of the restorative justice approach in assault cases has not yet been fully optimized and continues to raise debates regarding the balance between the interests of victims and offenders. Other challenges include the limited capacity of law enforcement officers, the absence of comprehensive technical guidelines, and the suboptimal protection of victims. Therefore, optimization efforts are required through strengthening the capacity of law enforcement, developing judicial guidelines, and enhancing a more comprehensive victim protection system, in order to achieve judgment that is not only formal but also substantive, humane, and dignified.


Keywords


Assault; Sentencing; Substantive Justice.

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References


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/rlj.5.3.3636-3655

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