Legal Analysis of Law Enforcement in the Investigation Process of Traffic Accident Crimes (Case Study at the Barelang Police Department)

Abstract

This study is motivated by the importance of law enforcement in the investigation process of traffic accident crimes in order to ensure legal certainty and a sense of justice for all parties involved. Traffic accidents, as frequent criminal incidents, require professional, objective handling in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. In practice, however, the investigation process still faces various obstacles that may affect the quality of law enforcement. Therefore, this study aims to examine the implementation of investigations at the Barelang Police Resort (Polresta Barelang), the factors influencing the investigation process, and the efforts undertaken to ensure legal certainty and justice. This study employs an empirical juridical approach that conceptualizes law not only as a set of norms but also as a social reality, using statutory, case-based, and conceptual approaches with a descriptive-analytical specification. Primary data were collected through interviews with investigators of the Traffic Accident Unit at Polresta Barelang, public prosecutors, and members of the public or victims, supported by secondary data derived from literature review. Data collection was conducted through field research and library research, followed by qualitative analysis to produce systematic and well-reasoned conclusions. The results indicate that the investigation process of traffic accident crimes at Polresta Barelang has been conducted in a structured manner and in accordance with applicable legal provisions, starting from crime scene handling to case submission, although several obstacles remain, such as the lack of witnesses, changes in crime scene conditions, and the complexity of evidence. The factors influencing the investigation process include legal factors, law enforcement officers, facilities and infrastructure, community participation, and the parties involved, all of which significantly affect the effectiveness and consistency of law enforcement. Efforts to ensure legal certainty and justice are carried out through improving the professionalism of investigators, strengthening facilities and infrastructure, increasing public awareness, and managing the roles of perpetrators and victims proportionally, thereby supporting an objective, accountable, and justice-oriented investigation process.