Role and Responsibility of The Command in Supervising Indonesian National Army Soldiers Against Excise Violations (Case Study of Kodim 0819/Pasuruan)

Antonius Widodo, Arpangi Arpangi

Abstract


This research aims to analyze the role and command responsibility in supervising members of the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) regarding customs violations, with a case study at the Military District Command (Kodim) 0819/Pasuruan. Previous research has examined customs violations from the perspectives of economic criminal law and fiscal policy; however, studies that specifically connect these issues with the internal military oversight mechanism remain limited. This research employs a juridical-sociological method. The method was chosen because it not only examines legal norms textually through statutory regulations, doctrines, and relevant judicial decisions but also observes how these norms are implemented in practice through interviews, field observations, and data analysis. This combined approach allows for a balanced analysis between normative and empirical aspects, ensuring that the research findings are scientifically accountable. The results show that the supervision of TNI personnel concerning customs violations at the regional level, such as within Kodim 0819/Pasuruan, constitutes a duty to act implemented within the framework of command and control (C2). This framework includes the refinement of the commander's intent, the strengthening of unity of command, reliable information flow, and a well-documented prevent–detect–correct mechanism. The effectiveness of this supervision depends on the integration between the positive legal framework (Law No. 34 of 2004 on the Indonesian National Armed Forces, Law No. 31 of 1997 on Military Courts, and the customs law regime) and risk-based operational instruments such as Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), internal supervision (waskat), spot inspections, early-warning systems, interagency cooperation, and after-action reviews. Supervisory challenges are multidimensional, encompassing structural, regulatory, cultural, technical, forensic, human resource, and socio-economic factors. These conditions require a precisely designed and adaptive control and coordination system. The threshold of command accountability is measured through three elements of command responsibility: effective control, actual or constructive knowledge (knew or should have known), and failure to prevent or punish, which are evidenced by objective indicators such as consistency in duty rosters, leave permits outside the garrison, vehicle movement patterns, invoice–cargo discrepancies, financial anomalies, and ignored reports.


Keywords


Command Responsibility, Customs Violations, Military Law.

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DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.30659/rlj.4.4.5229-5248

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