The Ideal Concept of Asset Recovery in Corruption Criminal Acts Based on Progressive Law
Abstract
Indonesia, as a state based on the rule of law based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution, faces serious challenges in eradicating corruption, which has become a systemic crime. Law enforcement is still oriented towards a retributive approach, resulting in a less than ideal return of state assets (asset recovery). A progressive and restorative reconstruction of law enforcement based on the principles of the UNCAC is needed, with a focus on recovering state losses through inter-institutional synergy, strengthening legal instruments, and public participation to achieve justice and social welfare. The purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation of asset recovery in corruption crimes in Indonesia and to analyze the ideal concept of asset recovery in corruption crimes based on progressive legal principles. The method used in compiling this thesis is normative legal research. The specifics of this research are descriptive analysis. The theories used include the theory of the purpose of punishment and progressive legal theory. The results of this study are: (1) The implementation of asset recovery in corruption crimes in Indonesia shows that although regulations such as the Corruption Eradication Law, the Money Laundering Law, and the UNCAC are complete, they still focus on criminal penalties rather than recovering state losses. Legal instruments such as additional penalties and asset confidentiality have not been implemented optimally due to lengthy legal processes and high evidentiary standards. Many court decisions only impose prison sentences without maximum asset recovery, such as in the e-KTP case and the Harvey Moeis tin corruption case. The legal system needs to shift to a restorative paradigm that places the empowerment of corruptors as the primary instrument for restoring state finances and strengthening public trust in the law. (2) The ideal concept of asset recovery based on progressive law places asset recovery as the primary objective of criminal punishment by making the state actively reclaim corrupted public assets for the sake of social welfare. The Non-Conviction Based Asset Forfeiture (NCB) mechanism is a breakthrough instrument that allows for the confiscation of assets without waiting for the perpetrator's conviction through an in rem lawsuit with more flexible yet accountable standards of evidence. Practices in the Philippines demonstrate the effectiveness of NCB in pursuing cross-border assets and protecting third parties in good faith, serving as an important model for Indonesia. This approach aligns with the principles of progressive law because it is adaptive, supports social justice, and overcomes formal legal limitations to impoverish corruptors and restore public trust.
Keywords
References
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DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.30659/rlj.4.4.%25p
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