Reformulation of Criminal Sanctions for Perpetrators of Online Fraud Based on Justice
Abstract
The current regulation of criminal sanctions for online fraud perpetrators remains focused on imprisonment and fines without mandating restitution, resulting in the victim's right to recover losses being unfulfilled and creating an imbalance between the interests of perpetrators and victims. This study emphasizes the need to reformulate the ITE Law and related provisions by incorporating restitution as a mandatory additional punishment so that the criminal justice system becomes more equitable, responsive to victims' needs, and aligned with the principles of restorative justice. The purpose of this research is to identify and analyze the current regulation of criminal sanctions for online fraud perpetrators, the weaknesses within these regulations, and the justice-based reformulation of criminal sanctions for online fraud perpetrators. The methodological approach used in the preparation of this thesis is Normative Legal Research. The research specification is descriptive-analytical. The theories employed include the Theory of Punishment, the Legal System Theory, and the Theory of Justice. The findings of this research are: (1) The current regulation of criminal sanctions for online fraud perpetrators remains focused on imprisonment and fines without providing an automatic restitution mechanism for victims, resulting in unfulfilled recovery of losses and an imbalance between the rights of offenders and victims. The DS case at the Bale Bandung District Court demonstrates that the regulatory orientation is still retributive and has not reflected justice nor the objectives of punishment aimed at protecting and restoring society. (2) The weaknesses of the current criminal sanction regulations for online fraud perpetrators appear in the aspects of legal substance, structure, and legal culture, where the ITE Law and the Criminal Code focus solely on imprisonment and fines without mandating restitution and do not regulate the liability of digital platforms. Combined with limited digital investigative capabilities, the absence of obligations for prosecutors and judges to ensure victim recovery, and the low legal literacy of society, the criminal justice system has not been able to provide effective protection for victims of online fraud. (3) Reformulating criminal sanction regulations for online fraud perpetrators based on justice requires changes to the criminal justice system by shifting the orientation of punishment from merely retributive toward restoring victim rights through mandatory restitution. Amending the ITE Law to include restitution as an additional criminal sanction is necessary to create a balanced sense of justice between offenders, victims, and society, while strengthening public confidence in the criminal justice system.
Keywords
References
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DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.30659/rlj.4.4.%25p
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