Effectiveness of Rehabilitation Program as an Alternative to Prison for Narcotics Users: a Case Study at the Rehabilitation Institution of the BNNP Jateng
Abstract
This research examines the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs at the Central Java Provincial National Narcotics Agency (BNNP) as an alternative to imprisonment for drug users, from the perspective of modern criminal law based on the principles of ultimum remedy and humanistic law. Through an empirical legal method with sociological and normative approaches, this study found that the implementation of rehabilitation at the Central Java BNNP is considered effective, as evidenced by the low relapse rate and increased social support for former users. Factors determining success include family support, post-rehabilitation accompaniment, and synergy between agencies. However, the limited availability of professional human resources and local facilities remains a major constraint. Therefore, future need to prioritize rehabilitation as an integral part of the national penal system, which is oriented toward restorative justice and the protection of human rights.
Keywords
References
Journals:
Dwi, Puspitasari. Koordinasi Antar-Lembaga Dalam Implementasi Program Rehabilitasi Narkotika Di Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan 53, no. 2 (2023).
Dwi Putri, Amelia, Meytri Kurniasih, Sitinur Febby Pattimahu, Aridiastri Octaghana Prajatantri, Meidyna Tri Setiyorini, Nadhila Citra Supriantoro, Laila Nur Agustina, Dinar Ayu Wardani, and Naila Shafa Najmitha. Sanksi Pidana Bagi Pengedar Narkotika Golongan I Menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 Tentang Narkotika. Ejournal.Unsrat.Ac.Id 4, no. 5 (2014): 3649. https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/lexprivatum/article/view/49114.
Hidayataun, Siti, and Yeni Widowaty. Konsep Rehabilitasi Bagi Pengguna Narkotika Yang Berkeadilan. Jurnal Penegakan Hukum Dan Keadilan 1, no. 2 (2020): 16681. https://doi.org/10.18196/jphk.1209.
Muflikhuddin, Muhammad; Ahmad Rifa I Huda. Penyalahgunaan Narkoba Dalam Masyarakat: Sebuah Analisis Teori Struktural Fungsionalisme. Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam El-Qist 3, no. 2 (2020): 1939.
Nasution, Salsabila Putri Zahra, and Boedi Prasetyo. Analisis Program Rehabilitasi Narkotika Dan Dampaknya Terhadap Peningkatan Kualitas Hidup Pengguna Narkoba. Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis 5, no. 12 (2024): 117.
Simanjuntak, R. & Siregar, F. Valuasi Efektivitas Program Rehabilitasi Pecandu Narkotika Di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Humaniora 12, no. 1 (2022).
Books:
Badan Narkotika Nasional. Pedoman Rehabilitasi Pengguna Narkotika. Jakarta: BNN, 2020.
Tengah, Badan Narkotika Nasional Provinsi Jawa. Laporan Tahunan BNNP Jawa Tengah Tahun 2024. Semarang: BNNP Jateng, 2025.
Regulation:
The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia.
Criminal Code (KUHP).
Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code (new Criminal Code).
Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics;
Law Number 36 of 2009 concerning Health;
Government Regulation Number 25 of 2011 concerning the Implementation of Mandatory Reporting of Narcotics Addicts;
Regulation of the Head of the National Narcotics Agency Number 11 of 2014 concerning Procedures for Handling Suspects and/or Defendants of Narcotics Addicts and Victims of Narcotics Abuse in Rehabilitation Institutions;
Supreme Court Circular Letter (SEMA) Number 4 of 2010 concerning the Placement of Drug Abusers, Victims of Drug Abusers, and Drug Addicts in Medical Rehabilitation and Social Rehabilitation Institutions.
Interview:
Results of an Interview with the Head of the Eradication Division of the Central Java BNNP, October 13, 2025.
Results of an Interview with the Head of the Eradication Division of the Central Java BNNP, October 13, 2025.
Results of Interview with the Head of the Post-Rehabilitation Section of the Central Java BNNP, October 13, 2025.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.30659/rlj.4.4.%25p
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