Analysis Of Legal Responsibility For Accidents Due To Malfunction Of The Car Autopilot System According To Indonesian Criminal Law

Dimas Arief Nugroho, Jawade Hafidz

Abstract


This study aims to analyze criminal liability for accidents caused by malfunctions in car autopilot systems from the perspective of Indonesian criminal law. The method used is normative legal research with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. Data were obtained through a literature review of the Criminal Code, Law Number 22 of 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation, Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection, Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions, and Presidential Regulation Number 55 of 2019 concerning the Electric Motor Vehicle Program. In addition, the legal regulations of other countries related to autopilot systems were also reviewed. The results of the study indicate that the national legal framework does not yet explicitly regulate criminal liability for accidents caused by autopilot systems, thus creating uncertainty in determining the legal subjects responsible, whether drivers, manufacturers, or technology developers. Countries such as the United States, Germany, and Japan have implemented the principles of strict liability and vicarious liability to ensure victim protection. The research recommendations include reforming criminal law regulations to encompass cross-actor accountability, establishing an autonomous technology oversight body for algorithm audits and certification, integrating humanitarian ethics into technological innovation, and enhancing law enforcement capacity and technological literacy for officials handling cases involving artificial intelligence. This adaptive model is expected to achieve legal certainty, protect the public, and encourage smart transportation innovation in Indonesia.

This study aims to analyze criminal liability for accidents caused by malfunctions in car autopilot systems from the perspective of Indonesian criminal law. The method used is normative legal research with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. Data were obtained through a literature review of the Criminal Code, Law Number 22 of 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation, Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection, Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions, and Presidential Regulation Number 55 of 2019 concerning the Electric Motor Vehicle Program. In addition, the legal regulations of other countries related to autopilot systems were also reviewed. The results of the study indicate that the national legal framework does not yet explicitly regulate criminal liability for accidents caused by autopilot systems, thus creating uncertainty in determining the legal subjects responsible, whether drivers, manufacturers, or technology developers. Countries such as the United States, Germany, and Japan have implemented the principles of strict liability and vicarious liability to ensure victim protection. The research recommendations include reforming criminal law regulations to encompass cross-actor accountability, establishing an autonomous technology oversight body for algorithm audits and certification, integrating humanitarian ethics into technological innovation, and enhancing law enforcement capacity and technological literacy for officials handling cases involving artificial intelligence. This adaptive model is expected to achieve legal certainty, protect the public, and encourage smart transportation innovation in Indonesia.

Keywords


Autopilot; Creating; Determining; Systems.

References


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DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.30659/rlj.4.4.%25p

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