The Spatial Economics of Local Wisdom in Local Economic Development: A Case Study of the Bakpia Production Center in Yogyakarta, Indonesian
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30659/yfqdtc07Abstract
ABSTRACT
This study examines how local wisdom and spatial economic dynamics shape Local Economic Development (LED) within the Bakpia Pathuk production center in Yogyakarta. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research integrates spatial analysis focusing on spatial clustering, spatial embeddedness, and creative economy nodes with regression analysis conducted on 100 bakpia workers selected through stratified random sampling. The findings indicate that skills and educational capacity are the most influential factors in improving workers’ well-being (p = 0.004). Meanwhile, local wisdom shows a positive yet statistically marginal influence (p = 0.079), suggesting that although its cultural and social contributions are strong, its economic impact remains indirect. However, this study has several limitations. The coefficient of determination (R² = 0.122) is relatively low. This indicates that a substantial proportion of the variation in worker well-being is explained by factors not included in the model, such as access to capital, marketing networks, tourism-related market opportunities, and technology adoption. In Spatial, the bakpia center forms a clear agglomeration pattern that enhances production efficiency, strengthens linkages with the city’s tourism network, and positions Pathuk as a creative economy node generating spillover effects for surrounding MSMEs (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises). These findings demonstrate that the sustainability of the bakpia industry is shaped by the interaction of cultural values, spatial structure, workforce capacity, and the area’s strategic position within Yogyakarta’s tourism system. This study contributes new insights by integrating spatial economic analysis and cultural variables to assess LED in a traditional food industry an approach rarely applied in previous research on bakpia or other culture-based small industries in Indonesia.
Keywords: local wisdom, spatial economics, spatial clustering, embeddedness, creative economy nodes, Local Economic Development, bakpia industry.
ABSTRAK
Studi ini mengkaji bagaimana kearifan lokal dan dinamika ekonomi spasial membentuk Pengembangan Ekonomi Lokal (LED) di sentra produksi Bakpia Pathuk di Yogyakarta. Menggunakan pendekatan metode campuran, penelitian ini mengintegrasikan analisis spasial yang berfokus pada klaster spasial, keterlekatan spasial, dan simpul ekonomi kreatif dengan analisis regresi yang dilakukan pada 100 pekerja bakpia yang dipilih melalui stratified random sampling. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa keterampilan dan kapasitas pendidikan merupakan faktor paling berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan pekerja (p = 0,004). Sementara itu, kearifan lokal menunjukkan pengaruh positif namun secara statistik marginal (p = 0,079), yang menunjukkan bahwa meskipun kontribusi budaya dan sosialnya kuat, dampak ekonominya masih bersifat tidak langsung. Namun, dalam penelitian ini memiliki beberapa batasan yaitu nilai R² = 0,122 yang berarti nilai tersebut cukup rendah. Hal ini mengindikasikan terdapat beberapa faktor lain yang belum dimasukkan dalam model (seperti akses terhadap modal, jaringan pemasaran, peluang pasar yang berkaitan dengan sektor pariwisata, dan adopsi teknologi. Secara spasial, sentra bakpia membentuk pola aglomerasi yang jelas yang meningkatkan efisiensi produksi, memperkuat keterkaitan dengan jaringan pariwisata kota, dan memposisikan Pathuk sebagai simpul ekonomi kreatif yang menghasilkan efek limpahan bagi UMKM di sekitarnya. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa keberlanjutan industri bakpia dibentuk oleh interaksi nilai budaya, struktur spasial, kapasitas tenaga kerja, dan posisi strategis kawasan dalam sistem pariwisata Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini memberikan wawasan baru dengan mengintegrasikan analisis ekonomi spasial dan variabel budaya untuk menilai LED dalam industri makanan tradisional, sebuah pendekatan yang jarang diterapkan dalam penelitian sebelumnya tentang bakpia atau industri kecil berbasis budaya lainnya di Indonesia.
Kata kunci: kearifan lokal, ekonomi spasial, klaster spasial, keterlekatan, simpul ekonomi kreatif, Pengembangan Ekonomi Lokal, industri bakpia.
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