Housing Adaptation in Response to Tourism-Led Economic Growth: A Case Study of Colo Village, Kudus, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30659/ctp5ze69Abstract
ABSTRACT
The rapid expansion of tourism activities has accelerated the emergence of home-based enterprises (HBEs) as an adaptive livelihood strategy in rural areas. The integration of economic functions into residential spaces not only alters the functional role of housing but also induces significant physical transformations. However, existing studies have largely focused on the economic benefits of HBEs while neglecting their spatial implications, particularly in relation to formal planning frameworks. More critically, there is limited attention to how incremental housing transformations driven by tourism activities often occur outside, or even in contradiction to, established spatial planning regulations such as the Regional Spatial Plan (RTRW).This study addresses this gap by examining the forms and processes of physical transformation of houses used for tourism-related activities in Colo Village, Kudus, Indonesia, while also critically assessing their alignment with spatial planning policies. Using a qualitative interpretation methods approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews and field observations of 139 housing units engaged in tourism-related enterprises. The analysis focuses on identifying transformation typologies, tracing their temporal development, and evaluating their conformity with designated spatial functions.
The findings highlight the need to adjust spatial planning policies within the RTRW and RDTR to accommodate tourism-driven housing transformations. Partial transformations can be supported through flexible mixed-use zoning and simplified permitting, while integral transformations require stricter land-use control, building regulations, and infrastructure standards. Additionally, adaptive planning mechanisms such as spatial monitoring and community-based supervision are essential to align incremental, bottom-up changes with formal planning frameworks. These measures are crucial to ensure spatial order, minimize land-use conflicts, and promote sustainable tourism settlement development.
Keywords: Housing Transformation , Spatial Adaptation, Tourism Settlement
ABSTRAK
Pesatnya perkembangan aktivitas pariwisata telah mendorong munculnya usaha berbasis rumah (Home-Based Enterprises/HBEs) sebagai salah satu strategi adaptasi mata pencaharian masyarakat di wilayah perdesaan. Integrasi fungsi ekonomi ke dalam ruang hunian tidak hanya mengubah fungsi rumah sebagai tempat tinggal, tetapi juga menyebabkan transformasi fisik bangunan yang signifikan. Namun, berbagai penelitian sebelumnya lebih banyak berfokus pada manfaat ekonomi usaha berbasis rumah dan kurang memperhatikan implikasi spasialnya, khususnya dalam kaitannya dengan kerangka perencanaan tata ruang formal. Lebih jauh, masih terbatas penelitian yang mengkaji bagaimana transformasi rumah secara bertahap akibat perkembangan pariwisata sering kali berlangsung di luar ketentuan, bahkan berpotensi bertentangan dengan kebijakan penataan ruang yang telah ditetapkan, seperti Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW). Penelitian ini berupaya mengisi kesenjangan tersebut dengan mengkaji bentuk dan proses transformasi fisik rumah yang dimanfaatkan untuk kegiatan usaha pariwisata di Desa Colo, Kabupaten Kudus, Indonesia, sekaligus mengevaluasi kesesuaiannya dengan kebijakan penataan ruang. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode interpretatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam dan observasi lapangan terhadap 139 unit rumah yang dimanfaatkan untuk kegiatan usaha terkait pariwisata. Analisis difokuskan pada identifikasi tipologi transformasi, penelusuran perkembangan perubahan fisik rumah dari waktu ke waktu, serta evaluasi kesesuaiannya dengan peruntukan ruang yang telah ditetapkan.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlunya penyesuaian kebijakan penataan ruang dalam RTRW dan Rencana Detail Tata Ruang (RDTR) untuk mengakomodasi transformasi rumah yang dipengaruhi oleh perkembangan pariwisata. Transformasi parsial dapat difasilitasi melalui pengaturan zonasi fungsi campuran (mixed-use zoning) yang lebih fleksibel dan penyederhanaan mekanisme perizinan, sedangkan transformasi integral memerlukan pengendalian pemanfaatan ruang, pengaturan bangunan, serta penerapan standar infrastruktur yang lebih ketat. Selain itu, mekanisme perencanaan adaptif, seperti pemantauan perubahan spasial dan pengawasan berbasis masyarakat, diperlukan untuk menyelaraskan perubahan bertahap yang berkembang dari bawah (bottom-up) dengan kerangka perencanaan tata ruang formal. Langkah-langkah tersebut penting untuk mewujudkan tertib tata ruang, meminimalkan konflik pemanfaatan lahan, serta mendukung pengembangan kawasan permukiman pariwisata yang berkelanjutan.
Kata kunci: Transformasi Rumah, Adaptasi Spasial, Permukiman Pariwisata.
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