Beyond Exposure: Examining the Relationship between Tidal Flood Risk and Community Relocation Preferences Using Google Earth Engine
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30659/8a7ahm39Abstract
ABSTRACT
Tidal flooding has increasingly threatened coastal settlements in low-lying regions of Indonesia, generating complex challenges that extend beyond physical exposure to encompass social vulnerability and long-term livelihood risks. This study examines the relationship between tidal flood risk and community relocation preferences in selected coastal communities of Kendal Regency, Central Java. The novelty of this research lies in three integrated contributions: (1) the application of a Google Earth Engine based composite risk index to a household relocation preference study, (2) the operationalization of the Impoverishment Risk and Resettlement (IRR) framework in a tidal flooding context where relocation risk is ongoing rather than event-driven, and (3) a comparative multi-village analysis that links spatial vulnerability gradients to differentiated community responses. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining Google Earth Engine–based spatial analysis integrating SRTM elevation data, JRC Global Surface Water occurrence frequency, and ESA WorldCover 2020 land cover with household-level socio-economic surveys. A weighted composite risk index was constructed using elevation score (weight 0.4), water occurrence frequency (weight 0.4), and land cover type (weight 0.2). Coastal vulnerability was further assessed through a seven-indicator Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) scored on a 1–5 ordinal scale adapted from Gornitz (1991). Household survey data from 150 respondents (50 per village, stratified by flood-risk zone) were analyzed to capture relocation preferences and potential impoverishment risks. Results reveal substantial spatial variation in tidal flood risk across the three study villages, with Kartika Jaya and Mororejo classified as Very High risk (CVI scores 34 and 35, respectively) and Karangsari as High risk (CVI score 26). A significant share of affected households over 60 percent overall expressed preference for collective relocation supported by cash-based transitional assistance, reflecting concerns over livelihood continuity, social cohesion, and housing security. These findings underscore the need for datadriven, participatory relocation planning that simultaneously addresses physical risk reduction and socio-economic resilience in tidal flood–prone coastal areas.
Keywords: coastal vulnerability assessment, household relocation decision, livelihood risk, participatory adaptation planning, tidal flooding
ABSTRAK
Banjir rob semakin mengancam permukiman pesisir di wilayah dataran rendah Indonesia dan memunculkan permasalahan yang tidak hanya bersifat fisik, tetapi juga sosial dan ekonomi. Penelitian ini mengkaji keterkaitan antara risiko banjir rob dan preferensi relokasi masyarakat di kawasan pesisir Kabupaten Kendal, Jawa Tengah. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada tiga kontribusi terintegrasi: (1) penerapan indeks risiko komposit berbasis Google Earth Engine dalam studi preferensi relokasi rumah tangga, (2) operasionalisasi kerangka Impoverishment Risk and Resettlement (IRR) dalam konteks banjir rob yang bersifat kronis dan berkelanjutan, serta (3) analisis komparatif multi-desa yang menghubungkan gradien kerentanan spasial dengan perbedaan respons masyarakat. Pendekatan campuran diterapkan dengan mengintegrasikan analisis spasial berbasis Google Earth Engine menggunakan data elevasi SRTM, frekuensi genangan JRC Global Surface Water, dan tutupan lahan ESA WorldCover 2020 dengan survei sosial ekonomi rumah tangga. Indeks risiko komposit dibangun menggunakan bobot elevasi (0,4), frekuensi genangan air (0,4), dan jenis tutupan lahan (0,2). Kerentanan pesisir dinilai lebih lanjut melalui Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) tujuh indikator, dan data survei dari 150 responden (50 per desa, distratifikasi berdasarkan zona risiko banjir) dianalisis untuk menangkap preferensi relokasi dan potensi risiko kemiskinan. Hasil menunjukkan variasi spasial yang signifikan dalam tingkat risiko banjir rob, dengan Kartika Jaya dan Mororejo diklasifikasikan sebagai risiko Sangat Tinggi (skor CVI 34 dan 35) dan Karangsari sebagai risiko Tinggi (skor CVI 26). Lebih dari 60 persen rumah tangga menyatakan preferensi relokasi kolektif dengan dukungan bantuan transisi berbasis tunai. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya perencanaan relokasi berbasis data dan partisipatif yang secara bersamaan mengatasi pengurangan risiko fisik dan ketahanan sosial ekonomi.
Kata kunci: adaptasi pesisir, banjir rob, keputusan relokasi rumah tangga, kerentanan wilayah, risiko penghidupan
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