Juridical Analysis of the Culpa in Causa Principle in Indonesian Criminal Law Reform (Study of Law No. 1 of 2023)

Penulis

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30659/ldj.7.4.809-816

Kata Kunci:

culpa in causa, new criminal code, self-defens

Abstrak

The explicit integration of the culpa in causa principle in Pasal 55 of Law No. 1 of 2023 one the New Indonesian Criminal Code (KUHP Baru) refolutionizes criminal law by limiting the misuse of grounds for exemption from punishment, such as necessity and self-defense, when the offender intentionally creates those conditions. Unlike the old KUHP’s implicit reliance on jurisprudence, this provision strengthens the geen straf zonder schuld principle while balancing judicial pardon authority, through proof of subjective causality via at least two valid pieces of evidence. Courts distinguish it from objective justifications by analyzing initial intent, nullifying subsidiarity without eliminating the defendant’s subjective fault. Impacts include optimized restorative justice, legal certainty, reduced impunity from provocation, and proportional individualized sanctions, fostering an adaptive penal system that protects victims while upholding humanity. This reform aligns continental doctrines with national contexts, enhancing judicial legitimacy.

Biografi Penulis

  • Dyajeng Ayu Musdalifah, Universitas Negeri Semarang
    Dyajeng Ayu Musdalifah is a student from Faculty of Law UNNES
  • Ali Masyhar, Universitas Negeri Semarang

    Prof. Dr. Ali Masyhar Mursyid, S.H., M.H. is a prominent legal scholar and academic leader in Indonesia. He currently serves as the Dean of the Faculty of Law at Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES).

    Here is a detailed profile of his background and expertise:

    Current Role and Expertise

    • Position: Dean of the Faculty of Law, UNNES, and a Professor (Guru Besar) of Criminal Law Policy.

    • Specialization: He is widely recognized as an expert in Criminal Law Policy, with a specific focus on Radicalism and Terrorism.

    • Core Research Areas: His work often covers restorative justice, human rights, and the sociological aspects of criminal law.

    Academic Background

    He holds advanced degrees from some of Indonesia's most prestigious law programs:

    • Doctorate (S3): He earned his Doctor of Laws from Gadjah Mada University (UGM) in 2015. His dissertation focused on Retroactive Justice in Indonesian Criminal Law through a socio-legal lens.

    • Master’s (S2) & Bachelor’s (S1): He completed both his undergraduate and master's degrees at Diponegoro University (UNDIP).

    Professional Contributions

    • Prolific Author: Prof. Ali Masyhar has authored numerous books and scientific articles published in national and international journals.

    • Thought Leadership: He is a frequent speaker at national seminars and workshops, often providing expert commentary on legal reforms and counter-terrorism strategies in Indonesia.

    • Institutional Leadership: As Dean, he is responsible for the strategic development, academic quality, and internationalization of the Faculty of Law at UNNES.

Referensi

Journals:

Hukum, F., Unggul, U. E., & Barat, J. (2024). PEDOMAN PEMIDANAAN DALAM REKONSTRUKSI SISTEM HUKUM PIDANA NASIONAL 2023-2024. Lex Jurnalica, 21(1), 134-143. https://doi.org/10.47007/lj.v21i1.7757

Malasai, L. (2019). Asas Culpa In Causa (Penyebab Kesalahan) Sebagai Pengecualian Terhadap Pembelaan Terpaksa Menurut Pasal 49 Ayat (1) KUHP. VIII(8), 78–82. https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/lexcrimen/Pasal/view/26797

Mochammad Ridho Nasrullah, R. R. H. (2026). The Principle of Judges in Determining the Validity of Grounds for Criminal Expungement in the Criminal Justice System in Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review, 21(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.21070/ijler.v21i1.1412

Malau, P. (2022). Studi Komparasi Pasal 49 KUHP (W.v.S. Ned) terhadap Rancangan Undang-Undang KUHP Nasional. Jurnal Tana Mana, 3(2). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33648/jtm.v3i2.281

Mochammad Ridho Nasrullah, R. R. H. (2026). The Principle of Judges in Determining the Validity of Grounds for Criminal Expungement in the Criminal Justice System in Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review, 21(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.21070/ijler.v21i1.1412

Internet:

Alvat, P. A. (2025a). Asas Culpa In Causa dan Actio Libera In Causa. PopuliNews.Com. https://populinews.com/2025/12/20/asas-culpa-in-causa-dan-actio-libera-in-causa/

Alvat, P. A. (2025b). Konstelasi Alasan Penghapus Pidana. MariNews. https://marinews.mahkamahagung.go.id/artikel/konstelasi-alasan-penghapus-pidana-0ec

Do Lab. (2021). Teknik Triangulasi Dalam PEngolahan Data Kualitatif. https://dqlab.id/teknik-triangulasi-dalam-pengolahan-data-kualitatif

Hardhika, R. (2025). Pergeseran Konsep Kesalahan dalam KUHP Nasional. Hukum Online. https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/a/pergeseran-konsep-kesalahan-dalam-kuhp-nasional-lt688c6b4fd700e/

Lembaga Bantuan Hukum Pengayoman. (2023). KUHP Series Episode 2: Menggali Perubahan Mendasar Berkaitan dengan Tindak Pidana dan Pertanggungjawaban Pidana dalam KUHP Baru. LBH “PENGAYOMAN” UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK PARAHYANGAN. https://lbhpengayoman.unpar.ac.id/kuhp-series-episode-2-menggali-perubahan-mendasar-berkaitan-dengan-tindak-pidana-dan-pertanggungjawaban-pidana-dalam-kuhp-baru/

Regulation:

Presiden Republik Indonesia. (2023). Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 Tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana. Direktorat Utama Pembinaan Dan Pengembangan Hukum Pemeriksaan Keuangan Negara Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan, 16100, 1–345.

Laporan:

Laporan Singkat Rapat Dengar Pendapat Umum Komisi III DPR RI dengan Prof. Muladi, S.H.

Unduhan

Diterbitkan

2026-01-22

Terbitan

Vol 7 No 4 (2025): December 2025

Bagian

Articles

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