Menganalisis Kondisi Biofisik dan Tingkat Keberlanjutan Ekosistem Mangrove Studi Kasus di Tidore Kepulauan Kecamatan Oba Utara

Andrie Amarullah Subandrio, Atrida Hadianti

Abstract


ABSTRACT

This study analyzes the biophysical conditions and sustainability level of mangrove ecosystems in North Oba District, Tidore Islands, as a foundation for designing a disaster-resilient mangrove ecotourism area. A descriptive-quantitative approach was employed, supported by GIS-based spatial analysis, satellite image interpretation, field observation, and social validation through semi-structured interviews. The results indicate that the mangrove ecosystem still maintains relatively good ecological conditions, characterized by diverse species such as Rhizophora, Avicennia, and Bruguiera, and continues to perform essential coastal protection functions. However, a declining trend in mangrove cover of approximately 14.94 hectares between 2017 and 2025, along with waste accumulation, spatial fragmentation between conservation (HL) and utilization (APL) zones, and weak institutional coordination, signals increasing ecological pressure. Overall, the sustainability level is categorized as vulnerable, although the area still holds strong potential for ecotourism development. This study emphasizes the need for integrated spatial planning that combines ecological protection, community-based management, and disaster mitigation to ensure long-term sustainability of coastal ecosystems.

Keywords: North Oba mangroves, ecotourism, disaster mitigation, GIS spatial analysis, ecosystem sustainability.

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini menganalisis kondisi biofisik dan tingkat keberlanjutan ekosistem mangrove di Kecamatan Oba Utara, Kota Tidore Kepulauan sebagai dasar perancangan kawasan ekowisata berbasis mitigasi bencana. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif-kuantitatif dengan analisis spasial berbasis GIS, interpretasi citra satelit, observasi lapangan, serta validasi sosial melalui wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekosistem mangrove masih memiliki kondisi ekologis yang relatif baik dengan keberagaman jenis seperti Rhizophora, Avicennia, dan Bruguiera, serta fungsi ekologis penting sebagai pelindung pesisir. Namun, terjadi penurunan tutupan mangrove sebesar 14,94 hektare pada periode 2017–2025, disertai tekanan sampah, fragmentasi ruang APL–HL, dan lemahnya tata kelola. Secara keseluruhan, tingkat keberlanjutan berada pada kategori rentan meskipun masih berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai ekowisata. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan penguatan zonasi, rehabilitasi kawasan, serta integrasi kelembagaan untuk mendukung pengelolaan berkelanjutan dan mitigasi bencana pesisir. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya pendekatan perancangan kawasan terpadu yang mengintegrasikan aspek ekologis, sosial, dan mitigasi risiko bencana pesisir secara berkelanjutan di wilayah tersebut.

Kata kunci: Mangrove Oba Utara, Ekowisata, Mitigasi Bencana, Analisis Spasial GIS, Keberlanjutan Ekosistem

Full Text:

Full Paper

References


Agus, S B, G Rusrita, R A Ramadhani, and S G Akmal. (2020). “Mangrove Governance: Establish a New Paradigm of Mangrove Management "from Village to the World".” In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/550/1/012012.

Amir, A, H J Hiskya, R Uspayanti, and S H Hidayat. (2021). “Collaboration of Government Policies and the Marind Tribe Communities on Mangrove Resources Management in the Payum Coastal Area of Merauke Regency in Papua.” Review of International Geographical Education Online 11(5): 280–86. https://doi.org/10.48047/rigeo.11/5/28.

Arfan, A, S Side, S Nyompa, R Maru, I Sukri, and M F Juanda. (2023). “Structure and Composition of Mangrove Vegetation in the Lakkang Delta and Lantebung, Makassar City, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.” Forum Geografic 22(2): 151–58. https://doi.org/10.5775/fg.2023.2.3579.

Bastien-Olvera, B A, A Rivera, E Gray, S Mitchell, F Favoretto, E Ezcurra, and O Aburto-Oropeza. (2024). “Mangrove Preservation Could Have Significantly Reduced Damages from Hurricane Otis on the Coast of Guerrero, Mexico.” Science of the Total Environment 957. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177822.

Budi, D T, I Arianingsih, I A Saputra, and R Z Maliki. (2022). “Identification of Mangrove Forest Changes Used Geographic Information System (GIS) in South Banawa District, Donggala Regency.” In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/986/1/012034.

Datta, D, and S Deb. (2017). “Forest Structure and Soil Properties of Mangrove Ecosystems under Different Management Scenarios: Experiences from the Intensely Humanized Landscape of Indian Sunderbans.” Ocean and Coastal Management 140: 22–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2017.02.022.

Donato, Daniel C, J Boone Kauffman, Daniel Murdiyarso, Sofyan Kurnianto, and Melanie Stidham. (2011). “Mangroves among the Most Carbon-Rich Forests in the Tropics.” Nature Geoscience 4(May): 293–97. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1123.

Grijalva-Endara, A, P Macias-Mora, M A P Chully, R Marcillo-Vallejo, L C M Alcivar, J J H Cabrera, and J A S Tomalá. (2022). “Anthropic Impacts on Aquatic Mangrove Ecosystems Worldwide.” Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries 26(5): 1139–63. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejabf.2022.267442.

Hongwiset, S, C Rodtassana, S Poungparn, S Umnouysin, and V Suchewaboripont. (2022). “Synergetic Roles of Mangrove Vegetation on Sediment Accretion in Coastal Mangrove Plantations in Central Thailand.” Forests 13(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/f13101739.

Ibharim, N A, M A Roslani, and M A Mustapha. (2024). “Mangrove Dynamics Evaluation at Matang Mangrove Forest Reserved by Multi-Temporal Satellite Imageries.” Built Environment Journal 21(1): 97–108. https://doi.org/10.24191/bej.v21i1.250.

Karimi, Z, E Abdi, A Deljouei, A Cislaghi, A Shirvany, M Schwarz, and T C Hales. (2022). “Vegetation-Induced Soil Stabilization in Coastal Area: An Example from a Natural Mangrove Forest.” Catena 216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2022.106410.

Kiet, Nguyen, and Nguyen Danh Thao. (2023). “Assessing Wave Attenuation by Mangrove Forest in Bac Lieu Province Using XBeach.” Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering 268: 691 – 700. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3303-5_62.

Koh, H L, S Y Teh, X Y Kh’Ng, and R S Raja Barizan. (2018). “Mangrove Forests: Protection against and Resilience to Coastal Disturbances.” Journal of Tropical Forest Science 30(5): 446–60. https://doi.org/10.26525/jtfs2018.30.5.446460.

Kumari, A, and M S Rathore. (2021). “Roles of Mangroves in Combating the Climate Change.” In Mangroves: Ecology, Biodiversity and Management, , 225–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2494-0_10.

Lovelock, C E, D R Cahoon, D A Friess, G R Guntenspergen, K W Krauss, R Reef, K Rogers, et al. (2015). “The Vulnerability of Indo-Pacific Mangrove Forests to Sea- Level Rise.” Nature 526(7574): 559–63. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature15538.

Mulyadi, A, and R Hamidy. (2021). “Development of Mangrove Ecotourism in Bandar Bakau Dumai Based on Disaster Mitigation.” International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 16(7): 1359–67. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.160716.

Naharuddin, N. (2021). “The Critical Level of Mangrove Ecosystem in Lariang Watershed Downstream, West Sulawesi-Indonesia.” International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 16(5): 841–51. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.160505.

Nascimento, Louize, Antônio Jeovah de Andrade Meireles, Rodrigo Guimarães de Carvalho, Jônnata Fernandes de Oliveira, Adilson Matheus Borges Machado, and Rogério Taygra Vasconcelos Fernandes. (2025). “Factors Threatening the Mangrove Forest in the Municipality of Galinhos, Rio Grande Do Norte, Using Remote Sensing: A Multitemporal Analysis (1984-2022); [Fatores Que Ameaçam a Floresta de Mangue No Município de Galinhos, Rio Grande Do Norte, Utilizando Sensoriamento Remoto: Uma Análise Multitemporal (1984-2022)].” Revista Brasileira de Geografia Fisica 18(2): 1445 – 1460. https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v18.2.p1445-1460.

Parida, A K, and B Jha. (2010). “Salt Tolerance Mechanisms in Mangroves: A Review.” Trees - Structure and Function 24(2): 199–217. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-010-0417-x.

Pramono, G H, and A Rusmanto. (2015). “Measurement of Carbon Mangrove in Riau Province, Indonesia.” In Australian Coasts and Ports 2015 Conference, , 707–10. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84973532102&partnerID=40&md5=442dc7339f9ddac8a92fe70fa33781a7.

Safitri, D A, F Saves, L E Fatmawati, and H Widhiarto. (2024). “Temporal Mapping of Coastal Areas Using Landsat Satellite Imagery.” In Springer Proceedings in Materials, , 616–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-52239-0_58.

Saravanan, Subbarayan, R Jegankumar, Ayyakkannu Selvaraj, J Jacinth Jennifer, and K S S Parthasarathy. (2018). Coastal Zone Management: Global Perspectives, Regional Processes, Local Issues Utility of Landsat Data for Assessing Mangrove Degradation in Muthupet Lagoon, South India. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814350-6.00020-3.

Sharma, D, K Rao, and A Ramanathan. (2022). “A Systematic Review on the Impact of Urbanization and Industrialization on Indian Coastal Mangrove Ecosystem.” In Coastal Research Library, , 175–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84255-0_8.

Simarmata, N, K Wikantika, S Darmawan, T A Tarigan, M Aldyansyah, R K Tohir, Y Purnama, and C N Yewanda. (2022). “Evaluation of Multi-Temporal Imagery and Vegetation Indices for Mangrove Mapping (Case Study of The East Coast of Lampung).” In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1083/1/012067.

Solanki, J B, R Kumari, A K Das, P Maurya, and N Lele. (2022). “Retrieval of Mangrove Forest Properties Using Synthetic Aperture Radar.” In Advances in Remote Sensing for Forest Monitoring, , 107–25. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119788157.ch5.

Twilley, R R, and V H Rivera-Monroy. (2005). “Developing Performance Measures of Mangrove Wetlands Using Simulation Models of Hydrology, Nutrient Biogeochemistry, and Community Dynamics.” Journal of Coastal Research 21(SPEC. ISS. 40): 79–93. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-15944386358&partnerID=40&md5=5db1c8ae4edaab2b495efd5debe7c999.

Yaeni, T, F Yulianda, and G Yulianto. (2022). “Rehabilitation Strategy for Mangrove Ecotourism Development in Tanjung Burung, Tangerang.” In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/967/1/012026.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jkr.v6i2.53579

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.