Legal Review of the Fulfilment of Victims’ Rights in Human Trafficking Cases under Supreme Court Regulation (PERMA) No. 1 of 2022

Ari Qurniawan, Nia Nuswantari, Murdian Murdian

Abstract


Human trafficking is a serious criminal offense that inflicts multidimensional harm upon its victims, encompassing economic deprivation, physical suffering, psychological trauma, and long-term social consequences. In response to these adverse impacts, the Indonesian legal system recognizes victims’ right to restitution as a mechanism for financial redress within the criminal justice process. To promote procedural consistency and legal certainty in the adjudication of victims’ claims, the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia enacted Supreme Court Regulation (PERMA) No. 1 of 2022 concerning the Procedures for the Resolution of Applications for Restitution and Compensation for Victims of Criminal Offenses. This study examines the mechanism for the realization of the rights of human trafficking victims under PERMA No. 1 of 2022 and evaluates the effectiveness of its regulatory framework in ensuring legal protection for victims, particularly following the enactment of Law No. 20 of 2025 concerning the Indonesian Code of Criminal Procedure. The research employs a normative legal methodology using both statutory and conceptual approaches. Legal materials were collected through doctrinal and library-based research, including legislation, legal scholarship, and other relevant sources, and were subsequently analyzed using a qualitative method. The findings demonstrate that PERMA No. 1 of 2022 has established a more structured and comprehensive framework governing the submission, examination, and resolution of restitution claims for victims of human trafficking. Nevertheless, several challenges continue to hinder its effective implementation, including victims’ limited understanding of procedural requirements, difficulties in proving and quantifying losses, and obstacles in the enforcement of restitution orders. Accordingly, stronger inter-agency coordination, enhanced victim assistance and support mechanisms, and more effective enforcement of judicial decisions are necessary to ensure the effective and equitable realization of victims’ rights.


Full Text:

PDF

References


Journals:

Angkasa, Rani Hendriana, Filep Wamafma, Ogiandhafiz Juanda, and Bhanu Prakash Nunna. “Development of a Restitution Model in Optimizing Legal Protection for Victims of Human Trafficking in Indonesia.” Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies 8, no. 1 (2023): 93–128.

https://doi.org/10.15294/jils.v8i1.67866.

Annisa Novianti and Teno Frimer. “Implementasi Hak Restitusi Terhadap Korban Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang.” Lareh Law Review 2, no. 2 (2024): 96–108.https://doi.org/10.25077/llr.2.2.96-108.2024.

Dadang Eko Nugroho, Gelar Ali Ahmad, and Rafif Rizky Kurniawan. “The Problematics of Asset Seizure as Compensation for Fulfilling Victims’ Rights in Human Trafficking Crimes.” NOVUM: Jurnal Hukum 11, no. 2 (2024).

https://doi.org/10.2674/novum.v11i02.64231.

Dadang, Hasan Alzagladi, and Rio Hendra. “Pemberian Restitusi Korban Kasus Pidana Perdagangan Orang dan Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang.” Rechtsregel: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 6, no. 1 (2023): 22–37. https://doi.org/10.32493/rjih.v6i1.33838.

Jumiati. “Model Perlindungan Korban Perdagangan Orang dalam Sistem Hukum Pidana Indonesia.” Jurnal Jurisprudence 5, no. 1.

https://doi.org/10.23917/jurisprudence.v5i1.4215.

Lubis, Lalu Saipudin, and Idi Amin. “Kebijakan Formulasi Perlindungan Korban Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang Dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2007.” Journal Kompilasi Hukum 5, no. 1 (2020): 175–190.

https://doi.org/10.29303/jkh.v5i1.42.

Mahrus Ali, Andi Muliyono, Wawan Sanjaya, and Ari Wibowo. “Compensation and Restitution for Victims of Crime in Indonesia: Regulatory Flaws, Judicial Response, and Proposed Solution.” Cogent Social Sciences 8, no. 1 (2022).

https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2022.2069910

Prasetya Djati Nugraha and Nahdiya Sabrina. “Tinjauan Hukum Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang Berdasarkan UU No. 21 Tahun 2007 dan Perma No. 1 Tahun 2022 tentang Restitusi.” MLJ Merdeka Law Journal 7, no. 1 (2026).

https://doi.org/10.26905/mlj.v7i1.17143.

Salsabila Dewi Vitasari, Satria Sukananda, and Sandra Wijaya. “Pelaksanaan Pemberian Restitusi Terhadap Korban Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang.” DIVERSI: Jurnal Hukum 6, no. 1 (2020): 92–117.

https://doi.org/10.32503/diversi.v6i1.998.

Syntia Puspita Andini Ika Hariyanto Putri and Emy Rosnawati. “Juridical Review of the Right to Restitution, Rehabilitation, and Compensation for Victims of the Crime of Trafficking in Persons according to Law No. 21 of 2007 on Court Decisions.” Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review 16 (2022).https://doi.org/10.21070/ijler.v15i0.770

Books:

Bambang Waluyo. Viktimologi: Perlindungan Korban dan Saksi. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2022.

Dikdik M. Arief Mansur and Elisatris Gultom. Urgensi Perlindungan Korban Kejahatan: Antara Norma dan Realita. Jakarta: RajaGrafindo Persada, 2007.

Farhana. Pendekatan Hukum Responsif Terhadap Pemidanaan Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang. Jakarta: Penerbit Assofa, 2022.

Ika Dewi Sartika Saimima. Rekonstruksi Pidana Restitusi dan Pidana Kurungan Pengganti dalam Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang. Yogyakarta: Deepublish, 2020.

Ismail Koto and Faisal. Buku Ajar Hukum Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban. Medan: UMSU Press, 2022.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Proceedings of Legal International Conference and Studies has been indexed in:

    

 

 

 

ISSN: 2986-4089