Human Trafficking and Organized Crime: Reforming Criminal Law, Punishment Models, and Prosecution Strategies

Abstract

Human trafficking is a form of transnational organized crime that continues to evolve with increasingly complex modus operandi, including the use of digital technology and cross-border criminal networks. The main problem in addressing this crime lies in the lack of synchronization between substantive criminal law, sentencing policies, and the effectiveness of prosecution strategies within the criminal justice system. This study aims to analyze the substantive criminal law framework, evaluate criminalization and sentencing models, and examine prosecution strategies in combating human trafficking as part of organized crime. This research employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and comparative legal approaches based on library research. The findings indicate that existing legal frameworks are not yet fully capable of addressing the complexity of human trafficking networks. Sentencing models remain insufficient to ensure optimal deterrent effects, while prosecution strategies still face challenges related to evidentiary issues, inter-agency coordination, and limited victim-centered approaches. Therefore, comprehensive criminal law reform is required, including adaptive legal frameworks, strengthened and proportionate punishment models, and integrated prosecution strategies to enhance the effectiveness of combating human trafficking.