Reconstructing Indonesian Cyber Law to Combat AI-Facilitated Trafficking of Women and Children

Abstract

This study examines the inadequacy of Indonesia’s cyber-law framework in confronting human trafficking and the online exploitation of women and children that is increasingly facilitated by artificial intelligence (AI). Traffickers now exploit social media, deepfake, voice synthesis, and large language models for victim profiling, cyber-recruitment, online scam operations, and coercive control, while Law No. 1 of 2024 on Electronic Information and Transactions, the Personal Data Protection Law, the Anti-Trafficking Law, and the Child Protection Law have not specifically governed algorithmic accountability and platform due diligence. A juridical-normative approach was employed, using statutory, conceptual, and comparative analyses of secondary legal materials, examined prescriptively and qualitatively. The findings show that the protection gap originates from normative disharmony, the absence of AI-specific rules, weak cross-border digital-evidence mechanisms, and victim-protection schemes that are not yet trauma-sensitive. This study proposes a legal reconstruction integrating ethical AI governance, mandatory platform accountability, and a permissioned-blockchain mechanism for digital-evidence integrity and victim digital identity, grounded in human-rights principles and the value of Pancasila justice, in order to strengthen prevention and the recovery of women and child victims.