Human Trafficking as a Violation of Human Rights: Legal and Policy Analysis

Abstract

Human trafficking is a form of transnational crime that continues to increase and poses a serious threat to human rights. Its modus operandi and driving factors include poverty, low education, gender inequality, weak law enforcement, and high demand for cheap labor. Its impact damages social structures, causes lasting trauma for victims, and worsens the state's image in protecting its citizens. Academic studies are needed to analyze the legal and policy dimensions, particularly regarding the effectiveness of Law No. 21 of 2007 concerning the Eradication of the Crime of Trafficking in Persons in its interaction with international instruments such as the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons. This analysis aims to assess the effectiveness of government policies in prevention, victim protection, and law enforcement, while identifying regulatory gaps and implementation challenges. The results of the study are expected to provide scientific contributions to the development of human rights law theory and practice in Indonesia, as well as encourage the reconstruction of more comprehensive policies based on the principles of justice, victim protection, and sustainable prevention.