Invisible Footprints in Cyberspace: Legal Reconstruction for the Protection of Vulnerable Groups from Digital Exploitation Threats

Abstract

The rapid digitalization of crime has created "invisible" footprints, leaving vulnerable groups exposed to cyber exploitation and online human trafficking, which traditional legal frameworks struggle to effectively address. This study aims to examine the legal reconstruction required to protect vulnerable groups from digital exploitation threats under the newly implemented National Criminal Code (KUHP Nasional). A normative legal approach was employed in conducting the research, utilizing statutory and conceptual analyses to evaluate current cyber-victimology frameworks. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that while the new code provides a stronger substantive basis, effective protection demands the integration of digital forensic guidelines, proactive transnational cooperation, and a specialized cyber-victim protection infrastructure to dismantle anonymous online syndicates.