EXONERATION CLAUSE IN BUS TRANSPORTATION AGREEMENTS: LEGAL PROTECTION ORIENTATION FOR SERVICE USERS IN AN INCLUSIVE LEGAL PERSPECTIVE

Erifendi Churniawan, I Gusti Ayu Ketut Rachmi Handayani, Lego Karjoko

Abstract


The practice of exoneration clauses in transportation agreements with bus transportation modes is commonly found in bus tickets which confirms that the transportation service provider is not responsible for damage or loss of goods. This study aims to answer two legal issues, namely the essence of the exoneration clause in the transportation agreement using the bus and the orientation of legal protection for users of bus transportation services related to the existence of an exoneration clause in the transportation agreement. This research is a normative legal research using a concept and statutory approach. The results of the study show that the exoneration clause in the practice of transportation agreements using buses actually qualifies as a standard provision that is prohibited under positive law provisions. The orientation of legal protection for users of bus transportation services related to the existence of an exoneration clause in transportation agreements can be carried out by promoting inclusive legal ideas that are oriented towards balancing the position between users and providers of transportation services. Internal legal protection, namely that each individual must understand the provisions related to the exoneration clause in the Consumer Protection Act and the responsibility of the transportation service provider if it is proven that negligence or error resulted in the loss and/or damage to the goods of users of transportation services. External legal protection can be carried out by law enforcement officials and the Department of Transportation to provide socialization as well as discipline bus transportation service providers who still include exoneration clauses that have the potential to harm the rights of users of transportation services.


Full Text:

PDF

References


Abdullah, F. (2018). Consumer Protection on Unfair Contract Terms: Legal Analysis of Exemption Clauses in B2C Transactions in Malaysia. International Journal of Asian Social Science, 8(12), 1097–1106. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.1.2018.812.1097.1106

Afifah, N., Maharani, S., Asri, A. R., & Fitriyanti, F. (2021). Tanggung Jawab Pengangkut Barang Dalam Angkutan Laut. Hukum Untuk Mengatur Dan Melindungi Masyarakat, 7(April), 186–192.

Agustin, R., & Saputra, A. (2022). Analysis of Exoneration Clauses In Terms and Use Of The Tik Tok Application. Legal Brief, 11(2), 1404–1411.

Arifin, M., Maskur, A., & Noor, A. (2020). Legal protection of KSPPS members in the use of the exoneration clause in Central Java. Ulul Albab: Jurnal Studi Dan Penelitian Hukum Islam, 4(1), 17. https://doi.org/10.30659/jua.v4i1.11794

Bryan A. Garner, H. C. B. (2019). Black’s Law Dictionary (11th ed.). West Publishing Co, St. Paull.

Chumaida, Z. V. (2019). the Implementation of Unloading Agreements in the Port From Transportation Law Perspectives. Yuridika, 34(1), 173. https://doi.org/10.20473/ydk.v34i1.11802

Chusnida, N. L. (2021). Juridical Review of the Exonaration Clause on Lion Air Airlines Terms & Conditions According to Law Number 8 of 1999 Concerning Consumer Protection. Ligahukum, 1(2), 158–164. https://doi.org/10.33005/ligahukum.v1i2.27

Cut Balqis, Y. (2021). Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Penumpang Bus Tanpa Tiket Apabila Terjadi Kecelakaan Atau Kerugian. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Bidang Hukum Keperdataan Fakultas Hukum Unversitas Syiah Kuala, 5(4), 874–881.

Darajati, R. A. P., Santoso, B., & Widhiyanti, H. N. (2023). the Legal Aspects of Venture Capital As an Alternative Financing. Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, 133(1), 41–46. https://doi.org/10.18551/rjoas.2023-01.05

Dauri, D., & Waliyyatunnisa, N. (2020). Akibat Hukum Terhadap Penerapan Klausula Eksonerasi Dalam Perjanjian Baku. Humani (Hukum Dan Masyarakat Madani), 10(1), 97–111.

Hakim, J. (2019). Exoneration Clause on Law of Consumer Protection: Effects and Legal Efforts. Jurnal Hukum Dan Peradilan, 8(2), 297. https://doi.org/10.25216/jhp.8.2.2019.297-314

Hana Nur Falinda, A. S. (2022). Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Penumpang Jasa Angkutan Orang Dengan Kendaraan Bermotor Umum Dalam Trayek. Legal Standing, 6(2), 259.

Hanisa, S., Suparto, S., & Handayani, T. (2021). Tangggung Jawab Maskapai Penerbangan Terhadap Penumpang Terkait Kebijakan Covid-19 Yang Tercantum Dalam Permenhub 25 Tahun 2020. Jurnal Sains Sosio Humaniora, 5(1), 442–453. https://doi.org/10.22437/jssh.v5i1.14156

Hidayat, M. S. (2020). Penyalahgunaan Klausula Eksonerasi Yang Merugikan Konsumen. Jurnal Juristic, 1(01), 107. https://doi.org/10.35973/jrs.v1i01.1487

Isnaeni, M. (2016). Pengantar Hukum Jaminan Kebendaan. PT. Revka Petra Media.

Khuzaeni, A. F. (2020). Mengenal Hukum Inklusif Perspektif Indonesia. Majalah Konstitusi, 158, 43.

Lauwtania, F. (2021). Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pengguna Jasa Perkeretaapian Terkait Dengan Pelecehan Seksual yang Terjadi di Atas Kereta Api Dikaji Oleh Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 Tentang Perlindungan Konsumen (Studi Kasus PT. Kereta Api Indonesia). Binamulia Hukum, 10(1), 69–78. https://doi.org/10.37893/jbh.v10i1.242

Lusita, L., Widiarty, W. S., & Tobing, G. L. (2022). Legal protection for consumers related to standard clauses according to law number 8 of 1999 concerning consumer protection. International Journal of Law, 8(2), 7–13. http://repository.uki.ac.id/id/eprint/9100

Marchellia, S. N. (2022). Klausula Baku Pada Perjanjian Berjangka Dan Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Investor Perdagangan Berjangka Komoditi. Cendekia Niaga Journal of Trade Development and Studies, 6(1), 35.

Masrofah, M. (2022). The Exoneration Clause Harms the Buyer Legal Protection for Consumers Against the Application of Exoneration Clauses in Online Sale. UMPurwokerto Law Review, 3(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.30595/umplr.v3i1.10730

Mey Anjani, I Nyoman Putu Budiartha, & Desak Gde Dwi Arini. (2022). Penyelesaian Sengketa Cargo atas Keterlambatan terhadap Pengangkutan Muatan Melalui Kapal Laut (Studi Kasus Di Pt. Bali Intercont Cargo). Jurnal Interpretasi Hukum, 3(1), 113–117. https://doi.org/10.22225/juinhum.3.1.4722.113-117

Morozov, S. Y., & Fedotova, D. S. (2020). Agreement-based regulation of joint activities in energy and transport industries. Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques, 8(1), 291–298.

Natalia, D. (2021). Legal Protection For Users Of Public Transportation Services (Passenger) Based On Law No. 22 Year 2009. Journal of Law Science, 3(2), 53–62. www.iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/JLS%0AJuridical

Octavia, F., Martono, H. K., Sitabuana, T. H., & Djajaputra, G. (2020). The use of exoneration clausules as a legal protection for notary. Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques, 8(4), 1450–1455. https://doi.org/10.47277/JETT/8(4)1455

Poernomo, S. L. (2022). Consumer Protection and Legal Effort Related to the Exoneration Clause in Buy-Buying Transactions. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 9(3), 93–97.

Primahardan, I. (2020). Tanggung Jawab Pelaku Usaha Transportasi Bus Terhadap Kerugian Konsumen Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 Tentang Perlindungan Konsumen (Studi Kasus Di Pt. Mmc Tour Dan Travel Pekanbaru). Randai, 1(1), 26. https://all3dp.com/2/fused-deposition-modeling-fdm-3d-printing-simply-explained/

Purwati, A. (2020). Metode Penelitian Hukum Teori Dan Praktek (1st ed.). CV. Jakad Media Publishing.

Putri, N. M., & Marlyna, H. (2021). Pelanggaran Jabatan dan Perbuatan Melawan Hukum yang Dilakukan oleh Notaris dalam Menjalankan Kewenangannya. Acta Diurnal: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kenaotariatan, 5(1), 63–77.

Rachmaniyah, S., & Wahyoeno, D. (2022). Perjanjian Baku Yang Memuat Klausula Eksonerasi Dalam Perspektif Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen. Bureaucracy Journal : Indonesia Journal of Law and Social-Political Governance, 2(2), 714–724. https://doi.org/10.53363/bureau.v2i2.100

Rahman, A. A. (2020). Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Konsumen Dengan Adanya Klausul Eksonerasi Dalam Perjanjian Baku Sewa Guna Usaha (Leasing). Al Hurriyah : Jurnal Hukum Islam, 5(1), 96. https://doi.org/10.30983/alhurriyah.v5i1.3000

Rahul Oscarra Duta, T. W. (2023). Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pembajakan Lagu Anak- Anak Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 Tentang Hak Cipta. Justitiable, 5(2), 6.

Rusmiyah. (2022). Upaya Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen Terhadap Pengguna Jasa Angkutan Kereta Api Di Indonesia. Jurnal Legisia, 14(2), 152–164.

Sari, I. (2020). Perbuatan Melawan Hukum (PMH) dalam Hukum Pidana dan Hukum Perdata. Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum Dirgantara, 11(1), 53–70. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35968/jh.v11i1.651

Suryahartati, D. (2019). Perjanjian Penitipan Barang Dalam Pengelolaan Parkir Bagi Perlindungan Konsumen Di Indonesia. Acta Diurnal Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kenotariatan Dan Ke-PPAT-An, 2(2), 252. https://doi.org/10.24198/acta.v2i2.102

Thontowi, J. (2019). Hukum Inklusif Perspektif Indonesia. Total Media.

Tobing, D. M. L. (2019). Klausula Baku: Paradoks dalam Penegakan Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen (1st ed.). Gramedia.

Varbanova, A. (2018). Evaluation of Vessel Sharing Agreements Effects on Container Lines Transportation Efficiency. Science. Business. Society., 3(2), 66–68. www.cma-cgm.com

Vatter, M. (2020). Dignity and the Foundation of Human Rights: Toward an Averroist Genealogy. Politics and Religion, 13(2), 304–332. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755048319000336

Yanovytska, A., & Yanovytska, H. (2019). Legal regulation of perishable foodstuffs transportation. Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics, 10(7), 2162–2169. https://doi.org/10.14505/jarle.v10.5(43).30

Zainuddin, A. (2018). Eksistensi Teori Hukum Inklusif dalam Sistem Hukum Nasional. Al-Himayah, 2(1), 17–30.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.