Legal Protection of Women and Children from Electronic-Based Violence in The Digital Era: Normative Luridical Study of Regulation Harmonization in Indonesia

Abstract

The development of information technology has given rise to various forms of violence against women and children in the digital space, such as electronic-based sexual violence, cybergrooming, cyberbullying, doxing, and online exploitation. This study aims to analyze the legal framework for protecting women and children in Indonesia in dealing with cybercrime and identify challenges in its implementation. The method used is normative juridical with a statutory and conceptual approach through an analysis of various related regulations, including the Law on Sexual Violence Crimes, Child Protection, Electronic Information and Transactions, Personal Data Protection, and the Criminal Code. The results of the study indicate that although regulations have developed quite progressively, there are still overlapping norms, regulatory gaps regarding several modes of cybercrime, and obstacles in digital evidence and interinstitutional coordination. Regulatory harmonization, strengthening the capacity of law enforcement officers, improving victim protection, and increasing public digital literacy are needed to realize more effective legal protection for women and children in the digital space.